{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:44:21Z","timestamp":1792262661921,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) often requires surgery, with microdiscectomy (MD) being common. This study compares Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Discectomy (UBED) to conventional and tubular MD for LDH treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Cochrane Central, and ScienceDirect were searched up to May 2025. Mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios (RRs) were pooled with a random effects model using Review Manager. Quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots and Egger\u2019s regression test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirteen studies (11 observational studies and 2 RCTs), pooling 1369 patients, were included. UBED was associated with decreased 1-3 days post-operative (MD: \u22120.81; 95% CI: [\u22121.48, \u22120.14];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) and 12\u00a0months post-operative (MD: \u22120.37; 95% CI: [\u22120.74, \u22120.01];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04) VAS back pain scores, 12\u00a0months post-operative ODI scores (MD: \u22121.32; 95% CI: [\u22122.44, \u22120.19];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02), estimated blood loss (MD: \u221274.42; 95% CI: [\u2212114.11, \u221234.73];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0002), and hospital stay (MD: \u22121.81; 95% CI: [\u22122.99, \u22120.63];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003) compared to conventional MD although the operative time was high (MD: 9.07; 95% CI: [1.66, 16.48];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02). Concurrently, the 12\u00a0months post-operative VAS back pain score (MD: \u22120.42; 95% CI: [\u22121.40, 0.56];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.40) and ODI score (MD: 1.39; 95% CI: [\u22122.80, 5.58];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.52) along with the operative time (MD: 21.80; 95% CI: [\u221226.31, 69.92];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.37) and hospital stay (MD: 0.02; 95% CI: [\u22120.30, 0.33];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.92) were comparable between the UBED and tubular MD. The VAS leg pain scores were comparable between UBED and both conventional and tubular MD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UBED may be associated with reduced early and long-term back pain, disability, blood loss, and hospital stays compared to conventional MD, but has longer surgery times, with comparable outcomes to tubular MD. More large-scale RCTs are required to validate these results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251412289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T18:14:16Z","timestamp":1766772856000},"page":"2452-2467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparing Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Discectomy Versus Microdiscectomy for Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Hassan","family":"Waseem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allama Iqbal Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zain","family":"ul Abideen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Edward Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneeba","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rimsha","family":"Adnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arusha","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoya","family":"Aamir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahrosh","family":"Kasbati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2085-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawan Kumar","family":"Thada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sotang Primary Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Lucke-Wold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00264-018-4247-6\/METRICS"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13075-022-02894-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SPINEE.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WNEU.2018.02.156"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.INAT.2025.102037"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WNSX.2024.100275"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71943-6_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52965\/001C.88931"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13018-022-02929-5\/TABLES\/3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.ST.22.00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.7.SPINE15304"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/JSS.2019.09.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soof JJP-JMISS. 2023 undefined essential surgical techniques during unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery. Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique. 2023;8:186-197. jmisst.orgJY So JY Park\u2022jmisst.org.","DOI":"10.21182\/jmisst.2023.00871"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJ.N71"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJ.L4898"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","article-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies","author":"Gl\u00e1ucia FC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gl\u00e1ucia FC, de Sousa Marcos R, Tatiani OF, Ana RAN. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies. PLoS Neglected Trop Dis 2013.","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJ.327.7414.557"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JCLINEPI.2010.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WNEU.2018.05.085"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13018-018-0725-1\/FIGURES\/3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Our experience with the use of biportal endoscopic surgery in the treatment of herniated discs of the lumbar spine","volume":"301","author":"Fishchenko I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fishchenko I, Balan S, Blonskyi R, et al. Our experience with the use of biportal endoscopic surgery in the treatment of herniated discs of the lumbar spine. Georgian Medical News 2020;301:21-27.","journal-title":"Georgian Medical News"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","article-title":"Early Outcomes: A Comparison between Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery and Open Lumbar Discectomy for Single-Level Lumbar Disc Herniation","volume":"104","author":"Foocharoen T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foocharoen T. Early Outcomes: A Comparison between Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery and Open Lumbar Discectomy for Single-Level Lumbar Disc Herniation. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 2021;104(1).","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","first-page":"430","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopic and microscopic discectomy in treatment of lumbar disc herniation","volume":"43","author":"GUO W","year":"2022","unstructured":"GUO W. Comparison of the efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopic and microscopic discectomy in treatment of lumbar disc herniation. J Xi\u2019an Jiaot Univ 2022;43:430-435.","journal-title":"J Xi\u2019an Jiaot Univ"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Effects of two kinds of surgical methods on lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"57","author":"Dongsheng Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dongsheng Y, Xiongjie S. Effects of two kinds of surgical methods on lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis. Zhong Guo Yi Kan. 2022;57:1105-1108.","journal-title":"Zhong Guo Yi Kan"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00586-022-07510-6\/METRICS"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2022.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.10.SPINE23718"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WNEU.2024.07.215"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.107B5.BJJ-2024-1560.R1\/LETTERTOEDITOR"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00701-023-05686-4\/METRICS"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003113"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.11.FOCUS15429"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13018-023-04484-Z\/TABLES\/5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00586-023-08116-2\/METRICS"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12891-025-08595-Y\/FIGURES\/1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11420-018-09661-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WNEU.2019.10.162"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RADCR.2020.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/VSU.13270;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11926-005-0018-7\/METRICS"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22603\/SSRR.2023-0106"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7667463"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001053"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WNEU.2022.10.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WNEU.2024.04.093"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8815432"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14245\/NS.2143116.558"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21182\/JMISST.2020.00024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.76219"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WNEU.2022.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99959-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21182\/JMISST.2023.01046"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00586-024-08545-7\/TABLES\/4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WNEU.2024.11.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.INAT.2023.101851"}],"container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682251412289","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21925682251412289","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682251412289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T15:01:46Z","timestamp":1780930906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21925682251412289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21925682251412289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21925682251412289","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-5682","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-5690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]}}}