{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:37:46Z","timestamp":1792028266465,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained school-based screening database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate long-term trends in the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in a Japanese population over 25\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated a screening program conducted from 1998 to 2022 in Ehime, Japan. All fifth- (ages 10-11) and seventh-grade (ages 12-13) students were included. Primary screening used moir\u00e9 topography (Tsukidate criteria). Students with positive findings were referred for radiographic confirmation (AIS defined as Cobb angle \u226510\u00b0). Linear regression assessed temporal trends in positivity rate, positive predictive value (PPV), and estimated prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 534\u00a0322 examinations performed, the overall positivity rate increased significantly from 2.24% in 1998 to 4.06% in 2022. In a sub-cohort with complete radiographic follow-up (n = 221\u00a0318), estimated AIS prevalence showed a significant linear increase from 0.85% (initial 5\u00a0years) to 2.14% (final year). Notably, PPV remained stable throughout the period (mean 47.3%) with no significant trend.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AIS prevalence increased substantially over 25\u00a0years in this cohort. The stability of the PPV suggests a true epidemiological increase rather than a diagnostic artifact. These findings highlight the importance of continued screening and suggest lifestyle or developmental factors may contribute to the rising incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682261417283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T23:36:57Z","timestamp":1768606617000},"page":"2888-2897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Trends in the Prevalence of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in a Japanese Prefecture: A 25-Year Population-Based School Screening Study Using Moir\u00e9 Topography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8449-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadao","family":"Morino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HITO Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3333-2349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ehime University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomofumi","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ehime University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Hino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ehime University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Misaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ehime University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ehime University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiko","family":"Kutsuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ehime University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Takao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ehime University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001610010143"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307337"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010663.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-20-00356"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000162280.95076.bb"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001808"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20230155"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045215"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","article-title":"The evolutionary developmental psychology about the secular trend","author":"Hinobayashi T","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hinobayashi T. 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