{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:45:02Z","timestamp":1792262702156,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lumbar epidural steroid injections (LESIs) are frequently used to manage symptoms and pain stemming from degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine. This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of complications after LESI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medical Supplemental databases were queried for LESIs in 18+ patients. LESIs were distinguished based on the approach: interlaminar or transforaminal. Complications were categorized into overall, procedural, and medical. Generalized estimating equations logistic regression with repeated measures, clustered by patient identifier, were used to identify factors associated with complications at 7 and 30\u00a0days after the LESI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study cohort consisted of 362,976 patients who underwent a total of 722,366 LESIs from 2014 to 2021. Complication rates after LESIs were 2.5% within 7\u00a0days and 8.8% within 30\u00a0days. 45.0% of LESIs utilized the interlaminar approach, while the transforaminal approach was used in 54.0% of LESIs. The patient factors independently associated with the greatest odds of complications included older age [85+ vs 18-34, 7\u00a0day OR: 1.32 (1.20, 1.45);\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001], heart failure [7\u00a0day OR: 1.95 (1.84, 2.06);\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001], renal dysfunction [7\u00a0day OR: 1.51 (1.41, 1.63);\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001], neurological deficits [7\u00a0day OR: 1.37 (1.31, 1.44);\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001], and anticoagulant prescriptions [7\u00a0day OR: 3.28 (3.10, 3.48);\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LESIs were associated with a rare but non-negligible risk of complications, which continued to occur until 30-days post injection. Several patient factors were associated with the risk of post-procedure complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682261417984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T19:24:37Z","timestamp":1768937077000},"page":"2898-2912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Complications After Lumbar Spine Epidural Steroid Injections: Incidence and Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5184-6958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca M.","family":"Valdivia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayuri","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Institute for Health Care Delivery Science, Mount Sinai Health System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olgerta","family":"Mucollari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charu","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brocha Z.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Institute for Health Care Delivery Science, Mount Sinai Health System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad B.","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313265"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3180b9f96e"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2013\/16\/E349"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","first-page":"S27","article-title":"Epidural interventions in the management of chronic spinal pain: American society of interventional pain physicians (ASIPP) comprehensive evidence-based guidelines","volume":"24","author":"Manchikanti L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Knezevic NN, Navani A, et al. Epidural interventions in the management of chronic spinal pain: American society of interventional pain physicians (ASIPP) comprehensive evidence-based guidelines. Pain Physician. 2021;24:S27, S208. 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FDA drug safety communication: FDA requires label changes to warn of rare but serious neurologic problems after epidural corticosteroid injections for pain. 2014. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-drug-safety-communication-fda-requires-label-changes-warn-rare-serious-neurologic-problems-after. 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