{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T10:00:28Z","timestamp":1790589628959,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare mid-to long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of allograft vs bioactive glass-ceramic (BG) cages for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) while preserving the original random allocation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients randomized in the parent RCT underwent 1-2 level ACDF between August 2017\u2013August 2022 (allograft n = 18; BG n = 22) were followed through August 2025. We compared patient-reported outcomes\u2014neck disability index (NDI) and visual analogue scale (VAS)\u2014cervical sagittal alignment, including C2-7 lordosis (CL), T1 slope, and T1 slope minus cervical lordosis (T1sCA), and CT\u2013based subsidence using adjusted linear mixed-effects models (LMMs); fusion (Bridwell I\u2013II) was compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 40 patients, 90% had follow-up longer than 24\u00a0months with mean follow-up 53.5 \u00b1 25.2 months. Both groups showed significant within-group improvements in all patient reported outcomes. However, at the last visit, between-group differences were non-significant for the primary endpoints: NDI (BG\u2013allograft \u22120.98, 95% CI \u22129.17 to 7.21;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .814) and C2-7 lordosis (BG\u2013allograft \u22120.19\u00b0;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .917). Other endpoints (VAS, T1sCA, subsidence, fusion) were likewise similar. No cage breakage or migration occurred; adverse events were minor.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over multi-year follow-up, bioactive glass-ceramic cages provided equivalent clinical improvement and radiographic stability to allograft cages after ACDF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682261442592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T12:58:44Z","timestamp":1776344324000},"page":"3548-3559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Allograft vs Bioactive Glass-Ceramic Cages in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Long-Term Randomized Trial Follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yihyun","family":"Roh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Camila","family":"Pedraza Ciro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinica Portoazul Auna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9591-3042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"},{"name":"CHA Bundang Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chorong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5086-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.ST.15.00056"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682241270100"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682241297586"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07530-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medntd.2021.100070"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/8559"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.3.FOCUS2166"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.09.104"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682221124527"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-10-158"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0878-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01529"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0546-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1580610"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-3036-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12098"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.20029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.07.531"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2008.0419.focus"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05429-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32587\/jnic.2021.00367"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000950"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12124069"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-019-01225-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21129\/nerve.2020.6.2.57"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35521"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682231219225"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682241237500"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.1834864.432"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211046897"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1100462"}],"container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682261442592","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21925682261442592","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682261442592","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T09:53:06Z","timestamp":1790589186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21925682261442592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21925682261442592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21925682261442592","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-5682","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-5690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]}}}