{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:34:27Z","timestamp":1790710467241,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical site infection (SSI) is a major complication following spine surgery. This is especially true with posterior cervical spinal surgery, contributing to increased hospital stay, socioeconomic burden, morbidity, and mortality. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for cervical SSI, identify organisms responsible, and characterize antibiotic treatment regimens to inform surgeons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of patients who underwent posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF) was performed at a single academic quaternary care center. Outcome variables included SSI, culture speciation, and antibiotic regimens. Associations between demographic, clinical, and surgical factors with SSI were analyzed using univariate statistics and multiple logistic regression. A sub-analysis was conducted for gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. P&lt;0.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 590 patients undergoing PCDF, 47 (8.0%) SSIs were identified, and average time to operative revision was 31.4 days. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (20, 42.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (17 [MRSA: 6, MSSA: 11], 36.2%), and Cutibacterium species (10, 21.3%) were most common. Eighteen (38.3%) SSIs were polymicrobial. Increased BMI was associated with SSI on univariate (p=0.018) and multivariate regression (p=0.021). Operative time was associated with increased risk of gram-negative infection (p=0.038).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SSI following PCDF remains a major complication with an incidence of 8%. Elevated BMI was an independent risk factor, underscoring importance of patient optimization. Longer operative time was associated with gram-negative infection in univariate analysis, however, this did not remain significant following multivariable adjustment. These findings highlight the need for awareness of resistant pathogens in tailoring empiric antibiotic regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682261480020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T12:02:31Z","timestamp":1787054551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Surgical Site Infection, Microbiology, and Antibiotic Utilization After Posterior Cervical Spinal Decompression and Fusion: A 10-Year Experience"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3870-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Carnovale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel H.","family":"Wakelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Don","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha Akbar","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regan M.","family":"Shanahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Adida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Crall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Byers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9486-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hansen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Kojo","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"},{"name":"West Virginia University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0256-3897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitin","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"},{"name":"West Virginia University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.SPINE14228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.12.SPINE11750"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.7.FOCUS1534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318245f561"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2022.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003218"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.8.SPINE19479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2020.01.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2019.11.01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adk8222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00756"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.6.SPINE121105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2021.271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318241b186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.15.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2016.186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20408\/jti.2025.0019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1347-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2014.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2025.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.11.SPINE17436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000003504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2017.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2025.3789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jss-20-456"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","first-page":"e79039","article-title":"A Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Biofilm-Producing Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Elucidating the Complexities of Antimicrobial Resistance and Susceptibility","volume":"17","author":"Modak S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Modak S, Mane P, Patil S. 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