{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:26:55Z","timestamp":1777879615594,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Public Health Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is associated with the intake of three classes of drugs: anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers. It is clinically characterized by hyperplasia of the gingival connective tissue which appears edematous, bloody, and purplish-red in color. In more severe cases, drug-induced gingival hyperplasia negatively affects the patient\u2019s quality of life, making it difficult to eat and practice good oral hygiene. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth therapy is controversial and, in fact, no studies in the literature highlight a well-defined therapeutic protocol. The therapies that are described provide primarily for non-surgical periodontal treatment and second-line surgical treatment. The aim of this work is to highlight a case of drug-induced gingival hyperplasia which was completely resolved thanks to photodynamic therapy which is completely free from side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Photodynamic therapy was performed on an 18\u2009year-old female patient with LEDs at a power of 450\u2013470\u2009nm and 5500\u2009mW\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009+\u20097500\u2009mW\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , combined with a Curcuma longa-based photosensitizer. A single session was performed, with applications of approximately 30\u2009s for each interdental papilla.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patient improved markedly after only one cycle of PDT. There was an absence of clinically detectable inflammation, edema, and rubor of the involved dental papillae. At the 4, 6, and 12\u2009week follow-ups there were no recurrences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case report highlights the first case of drug-induced gingival hypertrophy entirely treated with photodynamic therapy to be described in the literature. Therefore, although it is only a case report, this therapy which is free from side effects should be investigated as an alternative to current therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/22799036221116177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T04:23:51Z","timestamp":1665030231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Photodynamic therapy for the successful management of cyclosporine-related gum hypertrophy: A novel therapeutic option"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7962-2712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Casu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Ph.D. in Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Science, Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of 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