{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:03:45Z","timestamp":1787166225999,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Public Health Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The widespread of COVID-19 causes serious distress on the mental health of the students during the lockdown period. The present study aimed to identify anxiety levels among students during the COVID-19 crisis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional web-based survey was carried out among university students aged 18\u201347\u2009years. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was used to assess anxiety symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 1252 participants, the mean age was 28.82 (\u00b17.28) years and 72.6% were female. Based on the results, 22.0% of the participants had no symptoms of anxiety, 25.2% had mild anxiety, 29.6% moderate anxiety, and 23.2% severe anxiety. Moreover, being a female (OR\u2009=\u20090.480, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.257\u20130.704), younger age (OR\u2009=\u20090.359, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.132\u20130.586), undergraduate level (OR\u2009=\u20090.493, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.288\u20130.698), and stability of monthly income (OR\u2009=\u20090.516, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.308\u20130.723) were found to be a protective factor against anxiety suffered by the participants. However, having a COVID-19-infected relative or acquaintance was a risk factor for anxiety (OR\u2009=\u200921.870, 95% CI\u2009=\u200921.870\u201321.870). The results revealed that the level of anxiety symptoms was positively associated with COVID-19 related stressors such as effects on daily living ( r\u2009=\u20090.163, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), economic stressors ( r\u2009=\u20090.153, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and educational consequences ( r\u2009=\u20090.150, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), however, social support ( r\u2009=\u20090.472, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was negatively associated with the anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The psychological status of university students should be followed during times of health emergencies. It is essential to design a health program for influenced students to assist them to stay resilient throughout perilous situations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/22799036221132119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T08:15:09Z","timestamp":1667376909000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anxiety levels among Palestinian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5720-095X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eqbal","family":"Radwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine"},{"name":"Directorate of Education-East Gaza, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Gaza Strip, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afnan","family":"Radwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine"},{"name":"Rafah Elementary E Boys School, South Rafah Educational Region, UNRWA, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etimad","family":"Alattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa","family":"Radwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Ummah Open University, Gaza Strip, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alajez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azher University, Gaza Strip, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-22799036221132119","volume":"10","author":"Rillera Marzo R","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Public Health Res [Internet]"},{"key":"bibr2-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17239073"},{"key":"bibr3-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-79735-5_10"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr4-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00054020","volume":"36","author":"Ozamiz-Etxebarria N","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cadernos de saude publica"},{"key":"bibr5-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9"},{"key":"bibr6-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.109"},{"key":"bibr7-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhp.2015.04.003"},{"key":"bibr8-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-020-00337-2"},{"key":"bibr9-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008"},{"key":"bibr10-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.562213"},{"key":"bibr11-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cap0000255"},{"key":"bibr12-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052503"},{"key":"bibr13-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.582189"},{"key":"bibr14-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176206"},{"key":"bibr15-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2020.152191"},{"key":"bibr16-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math9020110"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr17-22799036221132119","first-page":"1079","volume":"7","author":"Abu-El-Noor NI.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Austin J Psychiatry Behav Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr18-22799036221132119","first-page":"13","volume":"6","author":"Jabr Emad O","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"bibr19-22799036221132119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.570065"},{"key":"bibr20-22799036221132119","unstructured":"MOEHE (Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research). 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