{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:36:36Z","timestamp":1791333396611,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Biomaterials &amp; Functional Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 preventive mouthwashes on the surface hardness, surface roughness (Ra), and color change (\u0394E) of three different polymer-based composite CAD\/CAM materials (Vita Enamic (ENA), Grandio Block (GB), Lava Ultimate (LU)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 100 rectangular-shaped specimens with dimensions of 2\u2009mm\u2009\u00d7\u20097\u2009mm\u2009\u00d7\u200912\u2009mm were obtained by sectioning three different CAD\/CAM blocks and randomly divided into five subgroups according to the 30\u2009days of mouthwash immersion protocol as follows: Control: artificial saliva, PVP-I: 1% povidone-iodine, HP: 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, CPC: mouthwash containing 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride, EO: mouthwash containing essential oils. Microhardness, Ra, and \u0394E values were measured at baseline and after 30\u2009days of immersion protocols. Data were analyzed using the Wald Chi-square, two-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The independent factors (materials and solutions) significantly influenced the microhardness and color ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Ra of the materials was not affected by any of the mouthwashes ( p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The microhardness and color of each material varied significantly after immersion in PvP-I and HP ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The highest percentage change in microhardness, Ra, and \u0394E was found in LU immersed in PvP-I and HP mouthwashes, while the lowest change was found in ENA groups ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within the limitations of this study, it was found that the surface hardness and color of tested polymer-based composite CAD\/CAM materials are susceptible to degradation and change after 30\u2009days of immersion in 1% PvP-I and 1.5% HP mouthwashes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/22808000241248886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T02:19:20Z","timestamp":1714270760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of different antiviral mouthwashes on the surface 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