{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:10:34Z","timestamp":1792854634391,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSAU\/2024\/R\/1445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2024\/R\/1445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Biomaterials &amp; Functional Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the time-dependent water sorption, solubility and hygroscopic expansion of experimental resin composites modified with three different types of ion-leachable glasses (ILGs): 45S5 Bioglass (BG), Fluoride-containing glass (F9) and Experimental fluoride-phosphate glass (F9X), incorporated in varying weight percentages (5%, 10% and 15%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 50:50 Bis-GMA\/TEGDMA-based resin matrix was loaded with each ILG type in 5, 10 and 15\u2009wt% and compared against a control without filler. Disc-shaped specimens (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093 per group; total\u2009=\u200939) were fabricated using a stainless-steel mould and cured using an LED light-curing unit (1200\u2009mW\/cm\u00b2, 20\u2009s per side). The water sorption and solubility were evaluated using a modified ISO 4049 protocol over a 12-week immersion period in distilled water at 37\u00b0C, followed by an 8-week desorption phase. Hygroscopic expansion was evaluated through volume change using a digital micrometre. Data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey\u2019s post-hoc test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All ILG-containing composites showed significantly increased water sorption compared to the control, with the BG-15 group demonstrating the highest sorption (3.37%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09) and expansion. Solubility increased with ILG concentration, especially in the BG and F9X groups. Hygroscopic expansion correlated positively with water uptake. No significant changes were observed in specimen mass after desorption in low filler groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incorporation of ILGs into resin composites significantly altered their water uptake and dimensional stability. While these effects could compromise long-term mechanical properties, the resulting hygroscopic expansion may aid in reducing microgaps and secondary caries at restoration margins. Veneering ILG-containing composites with conventional materials is recommended to limit degradation. These findings contribute novel insights into time-dependent dimensional behaviour of bioactive composites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/22808000251348969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T05:00:12Z","timestamp":1751691612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of Ion Leachable Resin Composites: Time-Dependent Water Sorption, Solubility and Hygroscopic Expansion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Almokhatieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7957-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled Abid","family":"Althaqafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Umm-Al-Qura, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waseem Waleed","family":"Radwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7131-1752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Khursheed","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000016535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00638-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2006.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32678"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2011.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(19981205)42:3<465::AID-JBM17>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2009.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(01)00331-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"465","article-title":"In vitro aging of dental composites in water\u2014effect of degree of conversion, filler volume, and filler\/matrix coupling","volume":"42","author":"Ferracane JL","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferracane JL, Berge HX, Condon JR. 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