{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T06:27:22Z","timestamp":1777789642464,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Biomaterials &amp; Functional Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine and characterize the antitumor activity of a hydrogel loaded with octenidine hydrochloride (OCTH) and its action mechanism on human tumor cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The antibiofilm property of OCTH against a clinical methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate (MRSA-CI) was evaluated by disk diffusion assays and a human bone-biofilm model in combination with the BacLight\u2122 staining. The antitumor activity of soluble OCTH and OCTH-loaded biodegradable hydrogels was assessed in human tumor cell lines (MCF-7, CAL-27, FaDu, and A549) under different experimental conditions. Cell viability was measured with the MTT assay, and membrane permeability after OCTH-loaded hydrogel exposure was evaluated with the Calcein AM assay. Genotoxicity was evaluated with comet assay and fluorescence microscopy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A stable, transparent, and biodegradable OCTH hydrogel with a pH of 7.2 was successfully developed. Biofilms exposed to 50\u2009\u03bcm OCTH for 24\u2009h exhibited only dead bacteria (red fluorescence), comparable to the effect of 100\u2009\u03bcm vancomycin. Soluble OCTH demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of tumor cell growth in all tested cell lines, with significant effects observed from 1\u2009\u03bcm. The LD\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values for soluble OCTH across the tumor cell lines ranged from 2.32 to 5.1\u2009\u00b5m. Notably, hydrogel loaded with 50\u2009\u03bcm OCTH significantly reduced cell growth by 44% after a 15-min exposure and by 97% after 120\u2009min. The Calcein AM assay revealed that OCTH\u2019s antitumor mechanism involves the disruption of tumor cell plasma membrane permeability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first that describes the antitumor activity of octenidine hydrochloride on different human tumor cell lines. A biodegradable hydrogel loaded with octenidine hydrochloride constitutes an innovative, low-cost alternative for the topical treatment of cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/22808000251367864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T10:27:54Z","timestamp":1758796074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antitumor and antibiofilm effect of a hydrogel loaded with octenidine hydrochloride (OCTH) for topical treatment of cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Monterrey, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Delgadillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Monterrey, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Cuellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n B\u00e1sica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yesennia","family":"S\u00e1nchez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n B\u00e1sica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Flores-Trevi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Infectolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Monterrey, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Argelia Akemi","family":"Nakagoshi-Cepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Monterrey, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Meester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garc\u00eda, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Solis-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Monterrey, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio Eduardo","family":"Nakagoshi-Cepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Monterrey, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2657-0111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Cabral-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Monterrey, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052252"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2019.1561288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601206010126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"1465","article-title":"Optimization of preparation, and stability of indomethacin mouth wash for oral mucositis caused by cancer therapy","volume":"47","author":"Ono K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ono K, Momo K, Yasu T, et al. 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