{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:37:17Z","timestamp":1777880237703,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plast Surg (Oakv)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Understanding opioid prescription, consumption, and the factors related to these is important to prescribe opioids responsibly. Our primary purpose is to determine the factors predicting opioid prescription, and the secondary purpose is to examine the factors predicting opioid tablet consumption.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A prospective cohort was evaluated using 2 surveys. The primary outcome was type of prescription given (opioid vs non-opioid). The secondary outcome was the number of opioid tablets consumed at the second survey. Demographics, the pain catastrophizing scale, and patient health questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) for depression and anxiety were collected. Statistics included Chi-Square, student's t-test, univariable, and multivariate regression analyses.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Four hundred and forty patients completed the first survey, of which 193 completed the second. Two-hundred and fourteen (49%) patients received an opioid prescription. Opioids were given most often after: surgery in the main operating room (OR 23.6 [10.0-55.2]), breast or abdomen (OR 11.1 [1.2-101.1]), upper limb (OR 4.0 [1.7-9.3]), and less often after dermatologic surgery (OR 0.2 [0.1-0.5]). Among patients who received opioids, a mean of 10 opioid tablets were consumed at the post-operative survey. More tablets were consumed when: age was less than 60 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05), with pre-operative opioid use (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u2009.03), and with a high score on the PHQ-4 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.002).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The patterns of opioid prescription and consumption after outpatient Plastic Surgery are elucidated. Plastic surgeons over-estimate patients\u2019 opioid requirements. Potentially less opioids could be prescribed in the minor procedure room without an increase in pain crises. Public health campaigns should focus on the proper disposal of unused opioid tablets.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/22925503231201634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T04:22:19Z","timestamp":1695702139000},"page":"59-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Prospective Analysis of Opioid Prescription, Consumption, and Psychometric Correlations in Outpatient Plastic Surgery Procedures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7005-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jouseph O.","family":"Barkho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8811-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron","family":"Leveille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Pozdnyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyrillos M.","family":"Faragalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil K.","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe R.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harsha","family":"Shanthanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"},{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Forough","family":"Farrokhyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"McRae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","article-title":"Introduction to the opioid epidemic: The economic burden on the healthcare system and impact on quality of life","volume":"24","author":"Hagemeier NE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hagemeier NE. Introduction to the opioid epidemic: The economic burden on the healthcare system and impact on quality of life. Am J Manag Care. 2018;24(10):S200\u2010S206.","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"559","article-title":"Drug and opioid involved overdose deaths United States 2013-2017","volume":"67","author":"Scholl L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scholl L, Seth P, Kariisa M, Wilson N, Baldwin G. Drug and opioid involved overdose deaths United States 2013-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;67(51-52):559\u2010574.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","volume-title":"Opioid-related harms in Canada","author":"Special Advisory Committee on the Epidemic of Opioid Overdoses","year":"2020","unstructured":"Special Advisory Committee on the Epidemic of Opioid Overdoses. Opioid-related harms in Canada. Ontario, Canada. Public Health Agency of Canada; 2020. https:\/\/health-infobase.canada.ca\/substance-related-harms\/opioids. Accessed November 15, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"Preliminary patterns in circumstances surrounding opioid-related deaths in Ontario during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Ontario Drug Policy Research Network; Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario\/Ontario Forensic Pathology Service; Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario); Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ontario Drug Policy Research Network; Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario\/Ontario Forensic Pathology Service; Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario); Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation. Preliminary patterns in circumstances surrounding opioid-related deaths in Ontario during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ontario, Canada. Ontario Drug Policy Research Network; 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"613","article-title":"An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ\u20134","volume":"50","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, L\u00f6we B. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ\u20134. Psychosomatics. 2009;50(6):613\u2010621.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"The street value of prescription drugs","volume":"159","author":"Sajan A","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sajan A, Corneil T, Grzybowski S. The street value of prescription drugs. CMAJ. 1998;159(2):139\u2010142.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Street Rx. Latest street prices for illicit and prescription drugs. https:\/\/streetrx.com\/ca. Accessed November 15 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Government of Canada. Individual Tax Statistics by Forward Sortation Area (FSA) - 2017 Edition (2015 tax year). https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/programs\/about-canada-revenue-agency-cra\/income-statistics-gst-hst-statistics\/individual-tax-statistics-fsa\/individual-tax-statistics-fsa-2017-edition-2015-tax-year.html. Published 2017. Accessed July 5 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","article-title":"Perioperative opioid administration: A critical review of opioid-free versus opioid-sparing approaches","author":"Shanthanna H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shanthanna H, Ladha KS, Kehlet H, Joshi GP. Perioperative opioid administration: A critical review of opioid-free versus opioid-sparing approaches. Anesthesiology. 2020(134):645-659.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.2035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005780"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944716646765"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.00614"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000475788.52446.7b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004636"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-019-0352-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2019.08.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.02.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2017.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003434"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","article-title":"Reducing opioid prescribing after ambulatory plastic surgery with an opioid-restrictive pain protocol","volume":"84","author":"Johnson SP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson SP, Wormer BA, Silvestrini R, Perdikis G, Drolet BC. Reducing opioid prescribing after ambulatory plastic surgery with an opioid-restrictive pain protocol. Ann Plast Surg. 2020;84(6S Suppl 5):S431\u2010S436.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/22925503231201634","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/22925503231201634","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/22925503231201634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:05:35Z","timestamp":1777593935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/22925503231201634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/22925503231201634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/22925503231201634","relation":{},"ISSN":["2292-5503","2292-5511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2292-5503","type":"print"},{"value":"2292-5511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]}}}