{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T04:57:32Z","timestamp":1785733052450,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plast Surg (Oakv)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>\n                    :Seddon and Sunderland's original nerve injury classification systems have stood the test of time over the last 70 years and continue to be widely used today. However, since those original descriptions, knowledge of nerve pathophysiology and healing has advanced, electrodiagnostic results have become more refined, and surgical options have increased.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : We offer a revisited review of the nerve injury classification to incorporate new knowledge for the modern era of nerve surgery.\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : We offer the addition of grades 0 and VI to the existing classification of nerve injuries based on Sunderland's framework, and we present a simplified classification that is patient and physician oriented, reflecting prognosis, time to recovery, and degree of recovery.\n                    <jats:bold>Discussion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : By following this nerve injury framework, clinicians can better assess, prognosticate, and manage patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/22925503251375862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T18:10:12Z","timestamp":1758046212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Classification of Nerve Injury Revisited: Sunderland 0\u2010VI"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Stahs","family":"Pripotnev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Western University, Roth McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, London, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7064-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah S.","family":"Llaneras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bob","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Seu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5561-6027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan E.","family":"Mackinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944720963895"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4260.237"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/66.4.237"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injuries","volume":"139","author":"Seddon HJ","year":"1943","unstructured":"Seddon HJ. Peripheral nerve injuries. Glasgow Med J. 1943;139(3):61\u201375.","journal-title":"Glasgow Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-014-2560-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/74.4.491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","volume-title":"Nerves and nerve injuries","author":"Sunderland S","year":"1968","unstructured":"Sunderland S, Sunderland S. Nerves and nerve injuries, 1st ed. Pennsylvania: Williams and Wilkins Co; 1968.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"Nerve surgery","author":"Mackinnon SE","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mackinnon SE. Nerve surgery. 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