{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T20:43:54Z","timestamp":1785444234456,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to compare biomechanical characteristics of tension band wiring using Kirschner wires (TBWKW), cannulated screws (TBWCS), and ring pins (TBWRP) for transverse fracture of the patella.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 48 polyurethane synthetic patellae were biomechanically tested. All patellae were osteotomized to create a transverse fracture. Each TBWKW, TBWCS, and TBWRP fixed 16 broken patellae. A specially designed fixation board simulated a knee with 90\u00b0 flexion. Ten static tests and six dynamic tests were performed on each method. The static test is measuring maximum strength ( N) during traction until breakage of the fixation. The dynamic test consisted of measuring the fracture gap (mm) after 10,000 repetitive loading cycles between 100 N and 300 N that simulated actual daily activity. A gap of 2 mm or more was defined as a failure in both tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The failure load was 438.6 \u00b1 138.6 N, 422.2 \u00b1 72.7 N, and 1106.8 \u00b1 230.3 N for TBWKW, TBWRP, and TBWCS, respectively. TBWCS showed a statistically significant difference compared to TBWKW and TBWRP in the static test ( p &lt; 0.001). All the groups had no failure in the dynamic test. The mean fracture gap after completion of the dynamic test was 0.3267 \u00b1 0.3395 mm, 0.2938 \u00b1 0.2165 mm, and 0.0360 \u00b1 0.0570 mm for TBWKW, TBWRP, and TBWCS, respectively ( p = 0.044). The mean values in the dynamic test showed no statistical difference. There was a significant difference between TBWRP and TBWCS ( p = 0.009), but others showed no difference with statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All three methods have sufficient stability at a daily activity. TBWCS showed a better failure load compared with TBWKW and TBWRP. TBWRP showed compatible mechanical characteristics with traditional tension band wiring. TBWRP could be an alternative method for TBWKW.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499019882140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T21:26:40Z","timestamp":1573507600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Biomechanical comparison of three tension band wiring techniques for transverse fracture of patella: Kirschner wires, cannulated screws, and ring pins"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kyung-Hag","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2078-3167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bong Wan","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Jaeil Hospital, Pyeongtaek, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Bom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goo Hyun","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South 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