{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T17:56:18Z","timestamp":1783101378346,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001702","name":"AO Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001702","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Trauma Expectation Factor Trauma Outcomes Measure (TEFTOM) questionnaire is a self-administered, patient-rated outcome measurement questionnaire designed to measure both \u2018expectation\u2019 and \u2018outcome\u2019 in orthopaedic trauma patients using two subsets of 10 items. We aimed to validate this instrument in a culturally diverse cohort of patients recruited from Asian and European regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 193 adult patients with surgically treated AO Foundation\/Orthopaedic Trauma Association types 43 and 44 ankle malleolar and distal tibia fractures were recruited with 158 followed up till 1 year. Expectations were assessed prior to surgery, at 2 weeks and after 6 months using the trauma expectation factor (TEF) score. Outcomes were evaluated at 2 weeks, 6 and 12 months using the trauma outcome measure (TOM), American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS) and short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires. Psychometric properties of TEFTOM were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TEF and TOM demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.87) and reliability at all time points (intra-class correlation coefficients &gt; 0.90). TOM showed strong correlations (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2265 0.60) with the AAOS foot and ankle score, all FAOS subscales, except \u2018symptoms\u2019 and SF-36 physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, social functioning and the physical component summary at 6 and 12 months. Effect sizes for TOM were 2.30 and 0.74 from 2 weeks to 6 months and from 6 months to 12 months, respectively. The baseline patient TEF was predictive for the 1-year TOM score.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TEFTOM demonstrated good psychometric properties in this cohort of patients with ankle fractures. The TEF \u2018expectation\u2019 score was predictive of the TOM \u2018outcome\u2019 score. We recommend researchers and clinicians to utilize TEFTOM when patient expectation measurement is concerned for orthopaedic trauma patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499019890140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T08:08:54Z","timestamp":1578557334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of an expectation and outcome measurement questionnaire in ankle fracture patients: The Trauma Expectation Factor Trauma Outcomes Measure (TEFTOM) Eurasia study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3827-0351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Platz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Chandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hosmat Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong-Feng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6239-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep Mar\u00eda Mu\u00f1oz","family":"Vives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Girona, Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frankie","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reto","family":"Babst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182245c1f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00152.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"174","article-title":"Does how you do depend on how you think you\u2019ll do? 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