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In clinical trials, these agents have been largely well tolerated and have the potential to result in durable responses. Importantly though, one must recognize the unique side effect profile of these therapies, which can trigger or exacerbate underlying autoimmune disease. Whether this autoimmune activation is associated with a clinical response to therapy has been debated, and while not definitive, there is evidence in the literature of a possible association. The 2 cases presented describe this autoimmune phenomenon, along with a review of the existing literature on the relationship between response to immunotherapy and autoimmune side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2324709616674316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]],"date-time":"2016-10-25T22:38:49Z","timestamp":1477435129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Pembrolizumab Therapy Triggering an Exacerbation of Preexisting Autoimmune Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sneha D.","family":"Phadke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Divison of Hematology\/Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramez","family":"Ghabour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, 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