{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:52:18Z","timestamp":1777672338502,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disorder that leads to progressive fibrosis and vascular dysfunction, frequently affecting the gastrointestinal tract with around 90% of patients experiencing gastrointestinal complications, with severe manifestations such as gastric antral vascular ectasia and rectal telangiectasia which lead to chronic bleeding and iron-deficiency anemia. This review and case report explore the pathophysiology of GI involvement in SSc, emphasizing fibrosis, microvascular damage, and dysmotility. It also highlights treatment options, including endoscopic interventions like argon plasma coagulation and pharmacological therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23247096251348903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:59:59Z","timestamp":1750309199000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Case Report and Literature Review on Systemic Sclerosis Manifesting as Melena and Hematochezia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"El Gharib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Nassif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karam","family":"Karam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3204-9098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias","family":"Fiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031780"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i41.7062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000899"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.1074"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.8034-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01692-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2021.101666"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.121087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-022-08946-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45100490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.788250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"323","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma manifested with gastrointestinal bleeding, antiphospholipid syndrome and positive anti-RNA polymerase III antibody: case report and literature review","volume":"13","author":"Alghamdi M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alghamdi M, Derbes SJ. Systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma manifested with gastrointestinal bleeding, antiphospholipid syndrome and positive anti-RNA polymerase III antibody: case report and literature review. Int Med Case Rep J. 2020;13:323-326.","journal-title":"Int Med Case Rep J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99775-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"103","article-title":"Management of small bowel angioectasias diagnosed during video capsule endoscopy","volume":"36","author":"Sciberras N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sciberras N, Zammit SC, Ellul P. Management of small bowel angioectasias diagnosed during video capsule endoscopy. Ann Gastroenterol. 2023;36:103-113","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223211039696"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2021.063"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"204","article-title":"Comparison of portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia: an update","volume":"15","author":"Rajabnia M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rajabnia M, Hatami B, Moghadam PK, et al. Comparison of portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia: an update. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2022;15(3):204-218.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.6203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/762546"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02790-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-020-00314-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) vs. argon plasma coagulation (APC) for the management of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) in patients with and without cirrhosis: results from a retrospective analysis of a large cohort of patients treated at a single center","volume":"6","author":"St Romain P","year":"2018","unstructured":"St Romain P, Boyd A, Zheng J, Chow S-C, Burbridge R, Wild D. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) vs. argon plasma coagulation (APC) for the management of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) in patients with and without cirrhosis: results from a retrospective analysis of a large cohort of patients treated at a single center. Endosc Int Open. 2018;6(3):E266-E270.","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","article-title":"Colonic telangiectasias in progressive systemic sclerosis","volume":"44","author":"Jharap B","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jharap B, Koudstaal L, Neefjes-Borst E, Van Weyenberg SJB. Colonic telangiectasias in progressive systemic sclerosis. Endoscopy. 2012;44(S02):E42-E43.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","article-title":"Intravenous bevacizumab reduces transfusion requirements and endoscopic interventions in patients with gastric antral vascular ectasia and small bowel angioectasia","volume":"158","author":"Hasan A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hasan A, Yahya Almodallal, Papadakis KA, Rajan E, Kamath PS, Iyer VN. Intravenous bevacizumab reduces transfusion requirements and endoscopic interventions in patients with gastric antral vascular ectasia and small bowel angioectasia. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(4):1162-1163.e4.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23247096251348903","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23247096251348903","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23247096251348903","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:04:32Z","timestamp":1777449872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23247096251348903"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23247096251348903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23247096251348903","relation":{},"ISSN":["2324-7096","2324-7096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7096","type":"print"},{"value":"2324-7096","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"article-number":"23247096251348903"}}