{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:53:40Z","timestamp":1777672420580,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Testicular tumors are rare in children, accounting for only 1% to 2% of pediatric solid tumors. Mature teratomas (MTs) are a benign subtype that typically occur in prepubertal boys and may occasionally mimic hydroceles. We report a case of a 3-year-old boy with left testicular swelling initially suspected to be a hydrocele. Over several months, the swelling evolved into a firm, painless mass. Ultrasound and MRI revealed a multiloculated cystic lesion with internal vascularity replacing most of the testicular parenchyma. Serum tumor markers, including alpha-fetoprotein, \u03b2-human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase, were within normal limits. The patient underwent left inguinal orchiectomy, and histopathology confirmed a MT without immature or malignant elements. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. He underwent routine follow-up every 3\u2009months for 2\u2009years, including physical examinations, scrotal ultrasounds, and serum tumor marker assessments. Findings from the first and second follow-ups were normal, with no evidence of recurrence to date. This case underscores the importance of early imaging and tumor marker evaluation in children presenting with persistent scrotal swelling. A systematic diagnostic approach facilitates accurate diagnosis, and orchiectomy remains the standard treatment for prepubertal MTs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23247096251407819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T10:02:15Z","timestamp":1766484135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mature Testicular Teratoma Mimicking Hydrocele in a 3-Year-Old Boy: Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rahaf W.","family":"Thabaineh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramzi H.","family":"Mujahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine"},{"name":"Pediatric Department, Hebron Governmental Hospital, Hebron, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasneem M.","family":"Almashaiekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikram","family":"Aldarabee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rana N.","family":"Wridat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad I.","family":"Smerat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Al-Ahli Hospital, Hebron, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9785-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qusai A.","family":"Alsalah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mi.2024.177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Prepubertal testis tumors","volume":"6","author":"Ross JH","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ross JH, Kay R. 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