{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:49:25Z","timestamp":1792147765674,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute","award":["R01CA276500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA276500"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["LGBT Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to classify youth using a longitudinal, multidimensional construct of gender, and examine associations of gender subgroups with substance cognitions and substance use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11,868 youth ages 9\u201310 years at baseline [2016\u20132018] through the year 4 follow-up [ages 13\u201314 years, 2020\u20132022]) to conduct latent class models using measures of gender identity, felt gender, gender expression, and gender non-contentedness. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations of gender classes with curiosity to use, intention to use, and use of alcohol, nicotine\/tobacco, and cannabis, respectively, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A four-class model was selected based on model fit: transgender (2.5%), questioning (9.0%), na\u00efve (36.3%), and cisgender (52.1%). Youth in the questioning and transgender classes were more likely to report curiosity to use alcohol, nicotine\/tobacco, and cannabis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] range 1.68\u20132.45,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and intention to use alcohol and nicotine\/tobacco (questioning youth; aOR range 1.69\u20131.88,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) or nicotine\/tobacco and cannabis (transgender youth; aOR range 2.66\u20133.14,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) but not actual use of alcohol, nicotine\/tobacco, and cannabis, whereas members of the na\u00efve class were less likely to report curiosity to use alcohol, nicotine\/tobacco, and cannabis, intention to use cannabis, and use of alcohol, nicotine\/tobacco, and cannabis (aOR range 0.48\u20130.81,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), relative to cisgender youth.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that a more nuanced understanding of gender among preadolescent youth and their heterogeneous risk for substance use is critical for the development of early prevention services. The timing of prevention efforts may be ideal during this developmental period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23258292251385564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:51:33Z","timestamp":1759942293000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gender Diversity, Substance Cognitions, and Alcohol, Nicotine\/Tobacco, and Cannabis Use Among Youth"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Kcomt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA."},{"name":"Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Clinical Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip T.","family":"Veliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Clinical Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."},{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."},{"name":"Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Jardine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Clinical Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Evans-Polce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Clinical Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Clift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean Esteban","family":"McCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Clinical Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."},{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."},{"name":"Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."},{"name":"Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."},{"name":"Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Arslanian-Engoren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior and Clinical Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future Monograph Series","author":"Miech RA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miech RA, , Johnston LD, , Patrick ME, et al. Monitoring the Future: National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975\u20132023: Secondary School Students. In: Monitoring the Future Monograph Series. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan: Ann Arbor, MI; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.6981"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Reported Drug Use among Adolescents Continued to Hold below Pre-Pandemic Levels in 2023. National Institute on Drug Abuse: North Bethesda MD; 2023. 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