{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T11:06:03Z","timestamp":1789211163295,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UID\/50\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["LGBT Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of conversion practices and their association with mental health among sexually and gender diverse (SGD) people in Portugal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four hundred and twenty-four SGD individuals (mean age = 26.6) completed an online survey regarding their experiences of therapy and conversion practices. Data were collected between March 2021 and December 2022. Through analysis of variance, participants who reported a conversion practice were compared with those who had not on their levels of psychological distress (Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation\u2014Outcome Measure).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Almost 22% of participants (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 91) reported being subjected to conversion practices, with 22% of such practices performed by a mental health professional. More than one third (38.5%) of participants specifically searched for a conversion practice, whereas for the remainder it was recommended\/coerced by others. The mean age at the start of the practice was 16.5 years. Among participants who reported undergoing conversion practices and who responded to these questions, more than half reported feeling obliged or pressured to start the conversion practice and more than one third felt forced to stay in the process. Participants reporting a conversion experience showed significantly lower subjective well-being and life functioning and significantly higher problems\/symptoms and risk than those who did not.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A high prevalence of conversion practices and their pervasive effects on mental health were shown in this study. It further highlighted how SGD youth are at greater risk of being subjected to such practices. Legislation to criminalize such practices and protect SGD individuals is urgent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23258292261472473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T09:54:36Z","timestamp":1786701276000},"page":"384-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examining the Experiences of Conversion Practices of Sexually and Gender Diverse People in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pedro Alexandre","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto (CPUP), Faculdade de Psicologia e Ci\u00eancias da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Picone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Caserta, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Hermosa-Bosano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Psicolog\u00eda y Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geva","family":"Shenkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Salinas-Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study &amp; Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"1.United Nations. Practices of so-called \u201cconversion therapy\u201d: Report of the independent expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. United Nations General Assembly NY NY https:\/\/undocs.org\/A\/HRC\/44\/53 (2020 accessed 19July2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J200v04n03_04"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305765"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"5.American Psychiatric Association. Position statement on conversion therapy and LGBTQ+ patients. Washington DC https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/getattachment\/3d23f2f4-1497-4537-b4de-fe32fe8761bf\/Position-Conversion-Therapy.pdf (2024 accessed 19July2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","unstructured":"6.American Psychological Association. APA resolution on sexual orientation change efforts. Washington DC https:\/\/www.apa.org\/about\/policy\/resolution-sexual-orientation-change-efforts.pdf (2017 accessed 19July2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"7.American Psychological Association. APA resolution on gender identity change efforts. Washington DC https:\/\/www.apa.org\/about\/policy\/resolution-gender-identity-change-efforts.pdf (2021 accessed 19July2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"8.Ordem dos Psic\u00f3logos Portugueses. Parecer OPP \u2013 terapias de convers\u00e3o [report OPP \u2013 conversion therapies]. Lisbon Portugal https:\/\/recursos.ordemdospsicologos.pt\/files\/artigos\/parecer_opp_terapias_de_convers__o.pdf (2021 accessed 19July2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","unstructured":"9.ILGA World. Curbing deception: A world survey on legal regulation of so-called \u201cconversion therapies\u201d. Geneva Switzerland https:\/\/ilga.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ILGA_World_Curbing_Deception_world_survey_legal_restrictions_conversion_therapy.pdf (2020 accessed 19July2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2020.0490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-021-00669-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305637"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2020.1840213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720902629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-080822-052144"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.8745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pro0000016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","unstructured":"18.Belavusau U. Conversion practices on LGBT+ people. Policy Department for Citizens\u2019 Rights and Constitutional Affairs: Brussels Belgium https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/meetdocs\/2014_2019\/plmrep\/COMMITTEES\/LIBE\/DV\/2023\/07-17\/Study_PolDepC_ConversionPracticesonLGBTPeople_752.385_EN.pdf (2023 accessed 19July2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","unstructured":"19.Mijatovi\u0107 D. Human rights commissioner calls on all member states to end so-called \u201cconversion therapies\u201d for LGBTI people. Council of Europe Strasbourg Cedex France https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/presidency\/italian-presidency-news\/-\/asset_publisher\/Z1fkQCGqWw4N\/content\/human-rights-commissioner-calls-on-all-member-states-to-end-so-called-conversion-therapies-for-lgbti-people\/16695 (2023 accessed 19July2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Prohibits so-called \u201csexual conversion\u201d practices against LGBT+ people, criminalizing acts aimed at altering, limiting, or repressing sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression. Amends law No. 38\/2018 of 7 August and the penal code","volume":"1","author":"Portugal. Law No. 15\/2024 of 29 January","year":"2024","unstructured":"20.Portugal. Law No. 15\/2024 of 29 January. Prohibits so-called \u201csexual conversion\u201d practices against LGBT+ people, criminalizing acts aimed at altering, limiting, or repressing sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression. Amends law No. 38\/2018 of 7 August and the penal code. Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica 2024; 1: 3\u20136.","journal-title":"Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15309\/21psd220310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-60832012000200003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13642539908400818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.017657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000004267563"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2025.2498757"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","unstructured":"28.American Psychological Association. Multicultural guidelines: An ecological approach to context identity and intersectionality 2017. Washington DC http:\/\/www.apa.org\/about\/policy\/multicultural-guidelines.pdf (2017 accessed 19July2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","unstructured":"29.American Psychological Association. Report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual Orientation. Washington DC https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/lgbt\/resources\/therapeutic-response.pdf (2009 accessed 19July2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"30.Henriques HFS. Interven\u00e7\u00e3o psicol\u00f3gica com pessoas LGBT+: Perspetivas de futuros\/as psic\u00f3logos\/as portugueses [psychological intervention with LGBT+ people: Perspectives of portuguese future psychologists]. master of psychology dissertation. Ispa \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio: Lisbon Portugal http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10400.12\/9338 (2023 accessed 19July2025)."}],"container-title":["LGBT Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23258292261472473","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23258292261472473","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23258292261472473","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T10:17:11Z","timestamp":1789208231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23258292261472473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23258292261472473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23258292261472473","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-8292","2325-8306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-8292","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-8306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]}}}