{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T02:24:06Z","timestamp":1779243846044,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]],"date-time":"2013-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors for severe anemia, severe microcytic anemia, and severe normocytic anemia among HIV-infected individuals aged &gt;15 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for anemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from 40\u00a0408 patients were analyzed, showing an overall prevalence of 22% for severe anemia. The risk of developing severe anemia increased by 49% among patients with a body mass index of &lt;18.5 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , by approximately 2-fold among patients with the World Health Organization (WHO) stage III, and by 3-fold among patients with WHO stage IV illness. Severe normocytic anemia was uniquely increased among patients aged \u226550 years, among those with chronic diarrhea and Kaposi's sarcoma, and those taking cotrimoxazole.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a high prevalence of severe anemia among adults infected with HIV. Focused identification of anemia should be based on the hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957413488195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,22]],"date-time":"2013-06-22T00:07:55Z","timestamp":1371859675000},"page":"148-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Burden and Determinants of Severe Anemia among HIV-Infected Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Abel","family":"Makubi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Muhimbili University Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"},{"name":"Management and Development for Health, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Okuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Spiegelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Development for Health, Tanzania"},{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Darling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Mugusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Muhimbili University Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"},{"name":"Management and Development for Health, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guerino","family":"Chalamilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Development for Health, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wafaie","family":"Fawzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Development for Health, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bibr1-2325957413488195","first-page":"95","volume":"4","author":"Fangman JJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Rep"},{"key":"bibr2-2325957413488195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000166374.16222.a2"},{"key":"bibr3-2325957413488195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383031"},{"key":"bibr4-2325957413488195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.1.301"},{"key":"bibr5-2325957413488195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2652-15-5"},{"key":"bibr6-2325957413488195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-190"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr7-2325957413488195","first-page":"305","volume":"14","author":"Wills TS","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS Read"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr8-2325957413488195","first-page":"67","volume":"40","author":"Adesina O","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr J Med Med Sci"},{"key":"bibr9-2325957413488195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/njm.v19i1.52480"},{"key":"bibr10-2325957413488195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-52"},{"key":"bibr11-2325957413488195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02069.x"},{"key":"bibr12-2325957413488195","unstructured":"Lewis SM, Bain BJ, Bates I. 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