{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:11:05Z","timestamp":1777853465434,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) significantly increase HIV transmission. Sexually transmitted infections may be asymptomatic and therefore remain undiagnosed in HIV-positive persons. Routine screening and treatment of STIs in HIV-positive high-risk populations in sub-Saharan Africa have not been described previously.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed data from an HIV-positive high-risk population at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, a large urban HIV clinic, between July 2011 and April 2012. Our high-risk population cohort included female sex workers, long-distance drivers, barmaids, taxi drivers, commercial motorcycle \u201cboda-boda\u201d riders, soldiers, police officers, prison officers, security guards, prisoners, and fishermen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 355 participants enrolled in the high-risk population\u2019s program, 21.4% were diagnosed with an STI either clinically or microbiologically. The STIs diagnosed in this population were syphilis, hepatitis B, genital herpes, human papilloma virus infection (condylomata acuminata), nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), and gonorrhea. Rates of syphilis, hepatitis B, genital herpes, condylomata acuminata, NGU, and gonorrhea were 8.5%, 7.0%, 5.4%, 1.4%, 1.4%, and 0.3%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical and microbiologically diagnosed STIs were diagnosed in nearly one-fourth of the HIV-positive high-risk population. HIV care programs should note our high rates of STIs among HIV-positive high-risk populations and consider routine screening and treatment algorithms for these populations in their own settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957413506493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T21:21:37Z","timestamp":1382390497000},"page":"36-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Characteristics of Sexually Transmitted Infections among High-Risk HIV-Positive Patients Attending an Urban Clinic in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Katusiime","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention, Care and Treatment Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Walter F.","family":"Schlech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosalind","family":"Parkes-Ratanshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention, Care and Treatment Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sempa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention, Care and Treatment Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kambugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325957413506493","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318160d56a"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr2-2325957413506493","first-page":"CD001220","author":"Sangani P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr3-2325957413506493","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)90002-2"},{"key":"bibr4-2325957413506493","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120512331325699"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr5-2325957413506493","first-page":"107","volume":"3","author":"Ntozi JPM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"bibr6-2325957413506493","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxh005"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr7-2325957413506493","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.1.3","volume":"75","author":"Wasserheit J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"bibr8-2325957413506493","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199609000-00015"},{"key":"bibr9-2325957413506493","unstructured":"Workowski KA, Berman S, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-12):1\u2013110. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment\/2010\/STD-Treatment-2010-RR5912.pdf. Accessed April 28, 2012."},{"key":"bibr10-2325957413506493","unstructured":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) treatment guidelines: Recommended treatment for STDs in HIV-infected adults,  http:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/nnptc\/online_training\/asi\/2008STDTxGuidelinesinHIV+Adults.pdf. Accessed April 28, 2012."},{"key":"bibr11-2325957413506493","unstructured":"Singh AE, Wong T, editors. Background document: HIV and hepatitis B co-infection. October 30, 2009. http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/topics\/treatment\/HIV-HBV_summary_evidence.pdf. Accessed April 28, 2012."},{"key":"bibr12-2325957413506493","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: Recommendations for a public health approach. 2006 revision.  http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/guidelines\/artadultguidelines.pdf. 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