{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:11:20Z","timestamp":1777853480099,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overweight and obesity are increasingly prevalent among HIV-infected populations. We describe their prevalence and associated risk factors among HIV-infected adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the proportion of patients who were overweight or obese at enrollment to care and treatment centres from 2004 to 2011. Multivariate relative risk regression models were fit to identify risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u200aA total\u200aof 53 825 patients were included in the analysis. In all, 16% of women and 8% of men were overweight, while 7% and 2% were obese, respectively. In multivariate analyses, older age, higher CD4 count, higher hemoglobin levels, female sex, and being married were associated with obesity and overweight. World Health Organization HIV disease stage, tuberculosis history, and previous antiretroviral therapy were inversely associated with obesity and overweight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overweight and obesity were highly prevalent among HIV-infected patients. Screening for overweight and obesity and focused interventions should be integrated into HIV care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957414542574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,22]],"date-time":"2014-08-22T04:13:50Z","timestamp":1408680830000},"page":"512-521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity among HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Semu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Zack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enju","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Hertzmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Spiegelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Sztam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutritional Service, Division of GI\/Nutrition, Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guerino","family":"Chalamila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aisa","family":"Muya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hellen","family":"Siril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramadhani","family":"Mwiru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deo","family":"Mtasiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prime Ministers\u2019 Office, Regional Authority and Local Government, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wafaie","family":"Fawzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325957414542574","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer-Strawn LM. 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