{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:02:24Z","timestamp":1790240544350,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]],"date-time":"2017-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Coccidioidomycosis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in endemic areas, and dissemination is frequent in patients with impaired cellular immunity such as AIDS. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is paradoxical clinical worsening after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a patient with HIV and a simultaneous opportunistic infection (OI). Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome has been well described for a host of mycobacterial, viral, and fungal OIs and malignancies such as Kaposi sarcoma. To date, only 3 cases of IRIS due to coccidioidomycosis have been reported in the literature. At our institution, we report 4 cases of IRIS in HIV-infected patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Unfortunately, all 4 patients died of worsening coccidioidal infection after initiating ART. The optimal timing of ART in patients with AIDS and coccidioidomycosis remains to be elucidated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957417729751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,15]],"date-time":"2017-09-15T02:54:39Z","timestamp":1505444079000},"page":"540-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Patients with AIDS and Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis: A Case Series and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anandit","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thwe Thwe","family":"Shein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Jayachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325957417729751","unstructured":"Fresno County Department of Public Health. At a glance: A summary of HIV\/AIDS in Fresno County (2015). http:\/\/www.co.fresno.ca.us\/DivisionPage.aspx?id=62775. Accessed 29 August 2017."},{"key":"bibr2-2325957417729751","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV Infection in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2015:27. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/statistics\/overview\/. Accessed 29 August 2017."},{"key":"bibr3-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70026-8"},{"key":"bibr4-2325957417729751","first-page":"49","volume":"12","author":"Walker NF","year":"2015","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS"},{"key":"bibr5-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545109708326090"},{"key":"bibr6-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/630208"},{"key":"bibr7-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70170-5"},{"key":"bibr8-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70184-1"},{"key":"bibr9-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw360"},{"key":"bibr10-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-6-200009190-00013"},{"key":"bibr11-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70140-7"},{"key":"bibr12-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki444"},{"key":"bibr13-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.02.031"},{"key":"bibr14-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1901.120889"},{"key":"bibr15-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.10.002"},{"key":"bibr16-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812437321"},{"key":"bibr17-2325957417729751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1312884"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2325957417729751","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2325957417729751","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2325957417729751","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:53:58Z","timestamp":1777503238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2325957417729751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2325957417729751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2325957417729751","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9582","2325-9582"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9582","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9582","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]]}}}