{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:21:17Z","timestamp":1778631677211,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507680000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["291198-202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["291198-202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and form a core group to facilitate STI spreading. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of STIs among FSWs who attended Female Harm Reduction Center of Isfahan, Iran, and to determine the association between risky behaviors and STIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a cross-sectional study, 99 FSWs were recruited and interviewed about demographic characteristics and risky behaviors. A trained midwife examined FSWs for genital ulcer, abnormal vaginal discharge, and cervicitis. Urine and genital specimens were collected and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to diagnose Neisseria gonorrhoeae, human papilloma virus (HPV), and Trichomonas Vaginalis. Data were analyzed via \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test and logistic regression in StataCorp software (version 11) with 95% confidence interval.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Totally, 84.9% of FSWs reported STI symptoms, while 12.1% of them were infected with N gonorrhoeae, HPV, or T vaginalis. Human papilloma virus and gonorrhea prevalence rates were 5.7% and 8% in FSWs with STI-associated symptoms. Sexually transmitted infections showed significant association with duration of prostitution (odds ratio [OR]\n                      <jats:sub>HPV<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 1.009 [95% confidence interval [95% CI: 1.004-1.01]; OR\n                      <jats:sub>gonorrhea<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 1.01 [95% CI: 1.00-1.01]) and condom usage (OR\n                      <jats:sub>HPV<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.11 [95% CI: 0.012-0.98]; OR\n                      <jats:sub>gonorrhea<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.04 [95% CI: 0.005-0.33]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Due to the literature gap on the Iranian FSWs\u2019 sexual health and the intense stigma around this subject, in Iran, our results would be useful for developing an efficient intervention program. The prevalence of STIs in Isfahan FSWs can be controlled with programs such as consistent condom use and STI treatment. In addition, as just one-tenth of FSWs with an STI symptom were positive for an STI, symptomatic diagnosis of STIs might be insufficient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957417732836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T03:37:36Z","timestamp":1507693056000},"page":"608-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Their Risk Factors among Female Sex Workers in Isfahan, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Nasirian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Kianersi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/STI Surveillance Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shervin Ghaffari","family":"Hoseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazila","family":"Kassaian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Yaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Shoaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behrooz","family":"Ataei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Fadaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Meshkati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputy of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza Emami","family":"Naeini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba Rostami","family":"Jalilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325957417732836","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Switzerland, Geneva: WHO; 2013. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/82207\/1\/WHO_RHR_13.02_eng.pdf Published 2013. Accessed October 16, 2016."},{"key":"bibr2-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.608787"},{"key":"bibr3-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31815a848d"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr4-2325957417732836","first-page":"6","volume":"6","author":"Singh SK","year":"2015","journal-title":"J AIDS Clin Res"},{"key":"bibr5-2325957417732836","unstructured":"National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, ASHA Project. Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Female Sex Workers in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Round IV-2011. 2011. www.aidsdatahub.org\/dmdocuments\/IBBS_2011_FSW_Kathmandu.pdf. Updated June, 2011. Accessed October, 2016."},{"key":"bibr6-2325957417732836","first-page":"2011","author":"Das A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"bibr7-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051028"},{"key":"bibr8-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413496227"},{"key":"bibr9-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.94427"},{"key":"bibr10-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2015.1109582"},{"key":"bibr11-2325957417732836","unstructured":"Thikeo P, Rittirong J. Barriers on HIV prevention for female sex workers in Lao PDR: a Literature Review (2003-2014). Paper presented at: ASEAN\/Asian Academic Society International Conference Proceeding Series; 2016; Available from: http:\/\/aasic.org\/proc\/aasic\/article\/download\/186\/183. Updated May, 2016. Accessed October, 2016."},{"key":"bibr12-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17795\/ijpbs1047"},{"key":"bibr13-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2006.08.002"},{"key":"bibr14-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2006.060024"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr15-2325957417732836","first-page":"43","volume":"4","author":"Rezaeian M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"bibr16-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147587"},{"issue":"65","key":"bibr17-2325957417732836","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"Zandi K","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"bibr18-2325957417732836","volume-title":"Paper presented at: The 2nd International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2016)","author":"Noori A","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr19-2325957417732836","first-page":"1452","volume":"16","author":"Kolahi AA","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"bibr20-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147587"},{"key":"bibr21-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.5.340"},{"key":"bibr22-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)93005-8"},{"key":"bibr23-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199002000-00007"},{"key":"bibr24-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249100200309"},{"key":"bibr25-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199201000-00011"},{"key":"bibr26-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.4.950"},{"key":"bibr27-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis298"},{"key":"bibr28-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.02.015"},{"key":"bibr29-2325957417732836","first-page":"103452","author":"Ghebremichael M","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISRN AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr30-2325957417732836","first-page":"S132","volume":"74","author":"Kapiga SH","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"bibr31-2325957417732836","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200206000-00003"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2325957417732836","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2325957417732836","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2325957417732836","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:53:59Z","timestamp":1777503239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2325957417732836"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2325957417732836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2325957417732836","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9582","2325-9582"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9582","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9582","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]}}}