{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T22:09:51Z","timestamp":1784239791991,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 TW010130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW010130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives and Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are growing concerns of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)\u2013associated renal toxicity. We evaluated the effect of long-term TDF exposure on renal function in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Nigerians between 2006 and 2015. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of renal impairment at different time over 144 weeks of antiretroviral therapy (ART).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data of 4897 patients, median age 42 years (interquartile range: 36-49), and 61% females were analyzed. The prevalence of renal impairment increased from 10% at week 24 to 45% at 144 weeks in TDF-exposed participants compared to an increase from 8% at 24 weeks to 14% at 144 weeks in TDF-unexposed participants. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate exposure predicted the risk of renal impairment at 144 weeks of ART (odds ratio: 2.36; 95% confidence interval: 1.28-4.34).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term exposure to TDF-based ART significantly increases the likelihood of renal impairment. The continued use of TDF-based regimen in our setting should be reviewed. We recommend the urgent introduction of tenofovir alafenamide\u2013based regimen in the HIV treatment guidelines of Nigeria and other resource-limited countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325958218821963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T21:21:59Z","timestamp":1548278519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Long Term Exposure to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated with Renal Impairment in an African Cohort of HIV-Infected Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Oche O.","family":"Agbaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"},{"name":"APIN-supported HIV Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1977-5570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac O.","family":"Abah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APIN-supported HIV Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustine O.","family":"Ebonyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APIN-supported HIV Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zumnan M.","family":"Gimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esla E.","family":"Abene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simji S.","family":"Gomerep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"},{"name":"APIN-supported HIV Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kakjing D.","family":"Falang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APIN-supported HIV Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Anejo-Okopi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APIN-supported HIV Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Agaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APIN-supported HIV Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Placid O.","family":"Ugoagwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APIN-supported HIV Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel I.","family":"Agaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godwin E.","family":"Imade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APIN-supported HIV Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atiene S.","family":"Sagay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APIN-supported HIV Treatment Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prosper","family":"Okonkwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APIN Public 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