{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:15:11Z","timestamp":1792289711797,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We determined the level, type of stigma, and risk factors associated with stigmatization of people living with HIV\/AIDS (PLWHA) by conducting a cross-sectional study from April to June 2018 in 3 HIV treatment centers in the Kumba Health District (KHD), Cameroon. We reviewed hospital registers, conducted focus group discussions, and administered structured questionnaires. For data analysis, we used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. We recorded a total stigma index score of 59.1. Internal stigma (odds ratio [OR] 2.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.74-4.98) was common in PLWHA. Also, younger age &lt;30 years (adjusted OR [AOR]: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17-0.94) was linked with stigma reduction while low level of education (AOR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.02-2.97) increased the stigma level. HIV-related stigma is pervasive in the lives of PLWHA, with most of them having internal stigmatization. Appropriate health education on HIV will be crucial in reducing stigmatization in the KHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325958219899305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T05:20:25Z","timestamp":1578374425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Stigmatization among People Living with HIV\/AIDS at the Kumba Health District,\u00a0Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4485-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Obinchemti","family":"Egbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia Adanze","family":"Nge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Ngouekam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Asonganyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"District Hospital Kumba, Southwest Region, Kumba, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dickson Shey","family":"Nsagha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v28i2.4892"},{"key":"bibr2-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70032-4"},{"key":"bibr3-2325958219899305","first-page":"292","volume":"3","author":"Zarei N","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery"},{"key":"bibr4-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.3.18640"},{"key":"bibr5-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1164-1"},{"key":"bibr6-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1451-5"},{"key":"bibr7-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601711010012"},{"key":"bibr8-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2197-0"},{"key":"bibr9-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303744"},{"key":"bibr10-2325958219899305","unstructured":"The people living with HIV stigma index: user guide, Drupal. 2008. http:\/\/www.childrenandaids.org\/node\/653. Accessed March 29 2019."},{"key":"bibr11-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2272012051"},{"key":"bibr12-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002006"},{"key":"bibr13-2325958219899305","unstructured":"People living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria. 2011. http:\/\/www.nepwhan.org\/. Accessed March 29 2019."},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr14-2325958219899305","first-page":"943","volume":"20","author":"Mo PKH","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Expect Int J Public Part Health Care Health Policy"},{"key":"bibr15-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2016.1217863"},{"key":"bibr16-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2012.701715"},{"key":"bibr17-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051734"},{"key":"bibr18-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-016-0089-8"},{"key":"bibr19-2325958219899305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1488030"},{"key":"bibr20-2325958219899305","unstructured":"National Empowerment Network of People Living With HIV and AIDS in Kenya (NEPHAK). The People Living With HIV Stigma Index. 2011. http:\/\/www.stigmaindex.org\/Kenya. 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