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Some of the older agents are notorious for many side effects, making patient compliance difficult, which is critical to preventing HIV resistance. Tenofovir is one of the newer, more tolerable, nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors on the market; is a mainstay of many antiretroviral therapy combinations; and is now available in 2 different formulations, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and, the more recent, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). These 2 formulations have very different pharmacokinetics, which seem to affect their efficacy and safety. This manuscript provides insight into the history of TDF and TAF development, their unique pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, clinically important adverse effects, monitoring, interactions, resistance, review of clinical studies, and guideline recommendations and clinical applications for tenofovir\u2019s various indications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325958220919231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T01:21:27Z","timestamp":1587000087000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["A Review and Clinical Understanding of Tenofovir: Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate versus Tenofovir Alafenamide"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3790-169X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chanie","family":"Wassner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, NYU Langone Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John\u2019s University, Queens, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuman","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John\u2019s University, Queens, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325958220919231","unstructured":"Overview: History: A timeline of HIV and AIDS HIV.gov. 2020. https:\/\/www.hiv.gov\/hiv-basics\/overview\/history\/hiv-and-aids-timeline. 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