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We describe a case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in a patient with disseminated TB under treatment, HIV-positive with a low CD4 cell count, complicated by bilateral psoas abscess. Our patient presented with fever, abdominal pain, and lymphadenopathy, typical symptoms of TB-IRIS. Diagnosis was confirmed by surgical drainage of the abscess of the right iliac psoas muscle with detection of acid-fast bacteria on Ziehl-Neelsen staining and negative culture of purulent discharge. Treatment with prednisone was started in addition to continuation of antituberculosis therapy and antiretroviral therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259582241293302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T03:46:32Z","timestamp":1729741592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Paradoxical Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Complicated by Large Bilateral Psoas Abscess: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2837-6423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriam M.","family":"Castilla-Encinas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedad Cient\u00edfica de San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria Rocio","family":"Soto Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Alvarez-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedad Cient\u00edfica de San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jhon E.","family":"Bocanegra-Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola L.","family":"Rondan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Daniel A. Carrion, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23259582241293302","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV","author":"Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV"},{"key":"bibr2-23259582241293302","volume-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome","author":"Thapa S","year":"2024"},{"key":"bibr3-23259582241293302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/HIV.S42328"},{"key":"bibr4-23259582241293302","volume-title":"Management of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)","author":"Brust JCM","year":"2024"},{"key":"bibr5-23259582241293302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.15.9"},{"key":"bibr6-23259582241293302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70184-1"},{"key":"bibr7-23259582241293302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2016.03.002"},{"key":"bibr8-23259582241293302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833dfc68"},{"key":"bibr9-23259582241293302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2016.10.003"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259582241293302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23259582241293302","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259582241293302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:50:31Z","timestamp":1777503031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23259582241293302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23259582241293302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259582241293302","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9582","2325-9582"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9582","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9582","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"23259582241293302"}}