{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:08:29Z","timestamp":1777853309123,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H03928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03928"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine how health literacy, knowledge of HIV\/AIDS, and public stigma are associated with social distance toward people living with HIV\/AIDS (PLWH), as a behavioral manifestation of stigma, among the general Japanese population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an online cross-sectional survey targeting adults (age range: 20-60\u2005s) from among the 2.2 million registrants in Rakuten Insight from September 20 to 25, 2019. Stratified randomized sampling was performed according to the region, sex, and age. The study participants were 2268 eligible for analysis (effective response rate: 90.7%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Models were examined using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that low-level knowledge of HIV\/AIDS affected social distance to PLWH (B\u2009=\u20093.77, (95% CI, 1.30 to 6.24)). \u2018Access,\u2019 \u2018understand,\u2019 \u2018appraise\u2019 and \u2018use\u2019 of European health literacy survey questionnaire affected social distance to PLWH (B\u2009=\u2009.03, (-.07 to .13); - B\u2009=\u2009.15, (\u2212.27 to \u2212.04); B\u2009=\u2009.06, (\u2212.04 to .17); B\u2009=\u2009\u2212.07, (\u2212.19 to .05)). Public stigma of HIV\/AIDS affected social distance to PLWH (B\u2009=\u2009.97, (.92 to 1.01)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that health literacy not only maintains and promotes individual health but also has the potential to reduce social distance toward PLWH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259582251414562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T13:33:41Z","timestamp":1769607221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health Literacy, Knowledge of HIV\/AIDS, and Public Stigma Among General Citizens of Japan: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6431-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taisuke","family":"Togari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Open University of Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoji","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Survey Consulting Division, Accelight Inc., Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sakurako","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TIS Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"221","article-title":"The topic of HIV\/AIDS in Japan","volume":"43","author":"JapanNationalInstituteofInfectiousDisease","year":"2022","unstructured":"JapanNationalInstituteofInfectiousDisease. The topic of HIV\/AIDS in Japan. Infectious Agent Surveillance Report (IASR). 2022;43(10):221-230.","journal-title":"Infectious Agent Surveillance Report (IASR)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Office JC. Overview of the Public Opinion Survey on HIV\/AIDS. https:\/\/survey.gov-online.go.jp\/hutai\/h29\/h29-hiv.pdf Accessed 07\/18 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity","author":"Goffman E","year":"1963","unstructured":"Goffman E. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Prentice Hall; 1963."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.27.1.363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.900"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9593-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness","volume":"1","author":"Corrigan PW","year":"2002","unstructured":"Corrigan PW, Watson AC. Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness. World Psychiatry. 2002;1(1):16-20.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1271-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 2020 Global AIDS Update: Seizing the moment: Tackling entrenched inequalities to end epidemics. https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2020\/global-aids-report Accessed Aug 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"team HFJp. The summary of HIV Futures Japan 3rd research https:\/\/survey.futures-japan.jp\/result\/3rd\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1256-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2017.1282601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0099373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025957"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51952\/9781447344520.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-80"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51952\/9781447344520.ch027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2785570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.89.9.1328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"154","article-title":"Development of a Japanese version of the public stigma scale and the applicability of the stigma model to HIV\/AIDS field","volume":"27","author":"Togari T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Togari T, Inoue Y, Abe S. Development of a Japanese version of the public stigma scale and the applicability of the stigma model to HIV\/AIDS field. The Journal of AIDS Research. 2025;27(3):154-165.","journal-title":"The Journal of AIDS Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","volume-title":"Eyes and stigma towards mental illness: national survey research","author":"Yamazaki Y","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yamazaki Y, Matoba T, Kikuzawa S, Sakano J. Eyes and stigma towards mental illness: national survey research. Akashi Shoten; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1835-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"Pelikan JM R\u00f6thlin F Ganahl K. 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