{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T15:14:38Z","timestamp":1781190878269,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionately affects young Nigerian women, yet testing uptake remains suboptimal. This study identified individual- and community-level determinants of HIV testing among this demographic to guide targeted healthcare interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A secondary analysis of the 2024 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was conducted (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914,634, ages 15-24). Multilevel logistic regression models were applied to account for the hierarchical data structure, with Model III (the full model containing both individual and community-level covariates) demonstrating the best fit based on Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of HIV testing among young women in Nigeria was 21.3%. The multilevel logistic regression analysis revealed that key individual-level factors significantly associated with higher odds of HIV testing included advanced age category, higher educational status, higher wealth index, high individual media exposure, comprehensive HIV knowledge, and a history of sexually transmitted infections. Additionally, marital status was a strong predictor, with married and formerly married women exhibiting significantly higher odds of testing compared to their never-married peers. At the community level, living in communities with high community-level HIV knowledge and high community wealth significantly boosted testing practice. The intraclass correlation coefficient in the null model indicated that 19.0% of the total variance in HIV testing practice was attributable to community-level factors, confirming a notable neighborhood effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV testing practices among young Nigerian women are multidimensionally shaped by a prominent \u201cneighborhood effect\u201d alongside individual socioeconomic and marital status. To bridge the current implementation gap in Nigeria, clinical and public health interventions must transition toward decentralized, community-based testing models that intentionally reach out to younger, never-married, and socioeconomically disadvantaged women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259582261458942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:41:32Z","timestamp":1781019692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Determinants of HIV Testing Practice Among Young Women in Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2024 Demographic and Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0840-8707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsegaamlak Kumelachew","family":"Derse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Debark University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8087-9845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desalegn Mitiku","family":"Kidie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Debark University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5438-8237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Addisu Simachew","family":"Asgai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Debark University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5489-3559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadios","family":"Lidetu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Debark University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenberu Mekurianew","family":"Kelkay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Debark University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00219-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52225\/narrax.v3i2.211"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/seajph.v7i1.34672"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakare SJH Analysis HRiNCC. Key Population HIV and human rights in Nigeria: Country context analysis. 2022.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4256264"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233368"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz148"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"4367","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices toward antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in secondary healthcare facilities in Lagos State","volume":"25","author":"Ojomo QA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ojomo QA, Okafor UG, Onedo TA, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices toward antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in secondary healthcare facilities in Lagos State. Nigeria: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. 2025;25(1):4367.","journal-title":"Nigeria: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","volume-title":"Residence, Education, Wealth, and HIV\/AIDS Prevention Knowledge Among Nigerian Adults","author":"Nwaru C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nwaru C. Residence, Education, Wealth, and HIV\/AIDS Prevention Knowledge Among Nigerian Adults. Walden University; 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000461"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Treatment. Socio-demographic determinants of HIV counseling and testing uptake among young people in Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"Ibrahim M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ibrahim M, Ipadeola O, Adebayo S, Fatusi A. Treatment. Socio-demographic determinants of HIV counseling and testing uptake among young people in Nigeria. Int J Prevent Treatme 2013;2(3):23\u201031.","journal-title":"Int J Prevent Treatme"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"Nwosu CM. Level of education and comprehensive knowledge about HIV\/AIDS among women aged 15-49 years in Southern Nigeria: A cross-sectional study 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jphia.v16i1.691"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272405"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21106\/ijma.372"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08934-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2021.1893821"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","volume-title":"Understanding the development and enactment of Life Skills HIV-Based Education (LS [B] E) in Malawi","author":"Mwangulube W","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mwangulube W. Understanding the development and enactment of Life Skills HIV-Based Education (LS [B] E) in Malawi. University of Sussex; 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","unstructured":"Ranganathan T Mendonca A. Relative Educational Status and Women\u2019s autonomy: evidence from India. 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"980","article-title":"Costs of HIV testing services in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review","volume":"22","author":"Ahmed N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed N, Ong JJ, McGee K, et al. Costs of HIV testing services in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review. BMC Infect Dis. 2022;22(Suppl 1):980.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932021000456"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2020.1763108"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259582261458942","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23259582261458942","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259582261458942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:46:22Z","timestamp":1781189182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23259582261458942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23259582261458942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259582261458942","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9582","2325-9582"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9582","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9582","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"23259582261458942"}}