{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:02:53Z","timestamp":1784818973609,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis is a major communicable disease and the leading cause of death among people living with HIV\/AIDS, accounting for nearly 40% of AIDS-related deaths. This study assessed the incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, from December 2016 to January 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A multicenter retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 488 adult HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy. Data were collected using an Android-based mobile application and analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Variables with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05 were considered significant predictors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tuberculosis incidence rate was 2.87 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 2.22\u20133.70). Increased risk was associated with opportunistic infections (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR)=3.16), poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR)=3.53), and family size \u22655 (AHR=2.36). Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) reduced tuberculosis risk (AHR\u22480.26\u20130.29).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis incidence was relatively low. Poor adherence, opportunistic infections, and large family size increased risk, while isoniazid use was protective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259582261471971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:56:11Z","timestamp":1784624171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis Among Adults Living With HIV\/AIDS on Antiretroviral Therapy in Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Multicenter Retrospective Follow-Up Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Wabiw","family":"Addis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adugnaw","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon Gedlu","family":"Nigatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2735-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jember Ayelgne","family":"Beyene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teda Health Science College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"WHO. Global tuberculosis report. Genava: World Health Organization2020; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192030"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","unstructured":"WHO. Global tuberculosis report. Geneva: World Health Organization2018; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089723"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","unstructured":"WHO. Global tuberculosis report. Geneva: World Health Organization2022; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v21i3.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253449"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0805"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261454"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.02.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","unstructured":"National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Laboratory strategic plan Ethiopia september 2021 - augest 2026. Addis Ababa: MINISTRY OF HEALTH - ETHIOPIA2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report","author":"WHO","year":"2022","unstructured":"WHO. Global tuberculosis report. Geneva: World Health Organization2019; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv154"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","volume-title":"TB\/HIV, DR-TB and Leprosy in Ethiopia","author":"Guidelines for Clinical and Programmatic Management of TB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guidelines for Clinical and Programmatic Management of TB. TB\/HIV, DR-TB and Leprosy in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: MINISTRY OF HEALTH- ETHIOPIAAugust; 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206452"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/aid.2016.62010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272358"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/hiv.S291872"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-04959-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1413427"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054665"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","volume-title":"Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among adult people living with HIV in Afar health facilities, Northeast Ethiopia","author":"Ahmed A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmed A. Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among adult people living with HIV in Afar health facilities, Northeast Ethiopia; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","volume-title":"Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis among people living with HIV attending adult HIV care clinic at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia","author":"Addis K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Addis K. Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis among people living with HIV attending adult HIV care clinic at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173309"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7912-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054665"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7420.1000156"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232426"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-285"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248490"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00452-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00763-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","volume-title":"WHO guidelines on the management of advanced HIV disease","author":"Organization WH","year":"2025","unstructured":"Organization WH. WHO guidelines on the management of advanced HIV disease. World Health Organization; 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1719-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/ijphs.v6i3.9294"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4243-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12771\/emj.2025.00115"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","article-title":"A comprehensive review on long vs. short regimens in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) under programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (PMDT)","volume":"16","author":"Karnan A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karnan A, Jadhav U, Ghewade B, Ledwani A, Shivashankar P, Jadhav U. A comprehensive review on long vs. short regimens in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) under programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (PMDT). Cureus. 2024;16(1).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","volume-title":"WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3: diagnosis\u2013rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection","author":"Organization WH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Organization WH. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3: diagnosis\u2013rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection. World Health Organization; 2024."}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259582261471971","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23259582261471971","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259582261471971","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T14:21:27Z","timestamp":1784816487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23259582261471971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23259582261471971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259582261471971","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9582","2325-9582"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9582","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9582","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"23259582261471971"}}