{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T23:29:25Z","timestamp":1786577365897,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV testing is vital for early detection and treatment linkage, yet uptake among children remains a global challenge. The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) revealed low HIV testing prevalence in children under 15 years old, with significant urban-rural disparities. This study analyzes these disparities and their contributing factors using EDHS data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional analysis of the 2016 EDHS was conducted using STATA version 17.0. Chi -square tests were used to assess the associations between HIV testing uptake and independent variables, while multivariate decomposition analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with the urban\u2013rural disparities of pediatric HIV testing uptake. Statistical significance was declared, at p-values\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, with 95% confidence intervals reported. The results were presented using text, tables, and figures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall prevalence of pediatric HIV testing uptake was 18.61% (95% CI: 18.15%\u201319.07%), with significantly higher uptake in urban areas (35.66%) compared to rural areas (14.91%) (p &lt; 0.001). A multivariate decomposition analysis revealed a substantial urban\u2013rural disparity (0.21, p &lt; 0.001), of which 50.34% was explained by differences in population characteristics, while 49.66% was due to differences in the effects of these characteristics. Key contributors to the disparity included household wealth, maternal education, child age, family size, premarital HIV testing, and consent refusal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Recommendation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed a significant urban\u2013rural disparity in pediatric HIV testing uptake, largely explained by differences in population characteristics. Thus, family size and parental education, were found to contribute to increased disparities. Conversely, premarital HIV testing, refusal of consent, and older maternal age demonstrated effects that influenced and, in some cases, reduced the observed gap. The findings suggest the need for targeted, equity-focused interventions to reduce urban-rural disparities in pediatric HIV testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259582261478433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T23:53:56Z","timestamp":1786406036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urban-Rural Disparities in Pediatric HIV Testing Uptake in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9233-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tihtna","family":"Alemu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0455-9460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lakew","family":"Asmare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebeyehu","family":"Lakew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amlaku Nigussie","family":"Yirsaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeamanuel Anteneh","family":"Yigzaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bahir Dar University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyob","family":"Getachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10269-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","volume-title":"Committing to implementation of the Global Strategy for Women\u2019s, Children\u2019s and Adolescents\u2019 Health (2016-2030): technical report","author":"Organization WH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Organization WH. Committing to implementation of the Global Strategy for Women\u2019s, Children\u2019s and Adolescents\u2019 Health (2016-2030): technical report. World Health Organization. 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155510"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1526"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-059013"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2022.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS National Strategic Plan for Ethiopia 2021 to 2025","author":"Prevention FHA, Office C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prevention FHA, Office C. HIV\/AIDS National Strategic Plan for Ethiopia 2021 to 2025. 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HIV Testing Uptake Among Ethiopian Rural Men: Evidence from 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey Data. HIV\/AIDS (Auckland, NZ). 2023;15:225-234.","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS (Auckland, NZ)"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","first-page":"963","article-title":"Barriers and Facilitators for HIV Testing Practice Among Ethiopian Women Aged 15-24 years: Analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey","volume":"12","author":"Diress G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diress G, Ahmed M, Adane S, Linger M, Alemnew B. Barriers and Facilitators for HIV Testing Practice Among Ethiopian Women Aged 15-24 years: Analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. HIV\/AIDS (Auckland, NZ). 2020;12:963-970.","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS (Auckland, NZ)"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","first-page":"e63","article-title":"Understanding the urban\u2013rural disparity in HIV and poverty nexus: the case of Kenya","volume":"39","author":"Magadi MA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Magadi MA. 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