{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:17:12Z","timestamp":1777879032422,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sumo has long been a traditional sport in Japan and is rapidly attracting enthusiasts abroad. Sumo wrestling entails a risk of impact to the cervical spine during an initial charge. Few reports are available in the English-language literature regarding radiological changes in the cervical spine in sumo wrestlers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine radiological changes in the cervical spine in freshmen collegiate sumo wrestlers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case series; Level of evidence, 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 53 freshmen sumo wrestlers (age, 18-19 years) who belonged to the Japan Sumo Federation underwent routine radiographic examination of the cervical spine and completed questionnaires on cervical symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 53 wrestlers, 81% showed loss of lordosis, 45% showed osteophyte formation (mainly at C3-C4), 11% showed disc space narrowing (mainly at C5-C6), and 51% showed narrowing of the cervical nerve root foramina (mainly at C3-C4). Fifty-one percent had some cervical symptoms. A correlation was found between deformity of the cervical bodies (such as intervertebral disc ballooning) and cervical symptoms, but no correlation was found between cervical degenerative changes and cervical symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data suggest that loss of lordosis, osteophyte formation, and narrowing of the cervical nerve root foramina at C3-C4 were frequently present in freshmen wrestlers and may be due to the axial load incurred prior to their collegiate careers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117744210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T04:00:20Z","timestamp":1513224020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Radiological Changes in the Cervical Spine in Freshman Collegiate Sumo Wrestlers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazufumi","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokai Gakuen University, Miyoshi, Aichi, 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