{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:23:08Z","timestamp":1777879388009,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective studies on injuries in martial arts competitions are scarce, especially those involving time-loss injuries. The upsurge of karate athletes competing in top-level karate competitions warrants elucidation of the time-loss injury risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the time-loss injury proportion and incidence rate, describe the injury pattern among elite senior karate athletes, and compare the risk of time-loss injuries in male versus female athletes and in individual (ie, weight categories) versus team competitions (free-weight category).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive epidemiology study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were collected at 4 consecutive World Karate Championships (2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016). Injury incidence rates were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (IIR\n                      <jats:sub>AE<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and per 1000 minutes of exposure (IIR\n                      <jats:sub>ME<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), with 95% CIs. Subgroups were compared by calculating their rate ratios with 95% CIs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 506 injuries were recorded, of which 51 were time-loss injuries (10%). The overall time-loss injury rate was significantly lower for female versus male athletes and slightly lower for team versus individual competitions. Overall, 1.4% of all athletes sustained a time-loss injury, and the IIR\n                      <jats:sub>AE<\/jats:sub>\n                      and IIR\n                      <jats:sub>ME<\/jats:sub>\n                      were 5.13 (95% CI, 3.82-6.74) and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.47-2.60), respectively. The most common type of time-loss injury was fracture (41%), followed by dislocation (20%) and concussion (12%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The time-loss injury incidence rate for top-level karate competitions found in this prospective study was relatively low. Comprehensive knowledge about the incidence of time-loss injuries during karate competitions represents an essential basis to develop effective strategies for injury prevention. Thus, the introduction of a uniform injury surveillance system in martial arts is of utmost importance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119865866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T04:00:22Z","timestamp":1566532822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Time-Loss Injuries in Karate: A Prospective Cohort Study of 4 Consecutive World Karate Championships"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Du\u0161ana","family":"Augustovi\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reidar P.","family":"Lystad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Arriaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education and Sports School, University of A Coru\u00f1a, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain."},{"name":"Instituto M\u00e9dico Arriaza y Asociados, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325967119865866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.02.2014.04"},{"key":"bibr2-2325967119865866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096574"},{"key":"bibr3-2325967119865866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-004-0593-6"},{"key":"bibr4-2325967119865866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-009-0856-3"},{"key":"bibr5-2325967119865866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2643-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr6-2325967119865866","first-page":"45","volume":"6","author":"Beis K","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sport Sci Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr7-2325967119865866","first-page":"637","volume":"8","author":"Boostani MH","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Sci"},{"key":"bibr8-2325967119865866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097756"},{"key":"bibr9-2325967119865866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12216"},{"key":"bibr10-2325967119865866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091219"},{"key":"bibr11-2325967119865866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434060-00001"},{"key":"bibr12-2325967119865866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1993"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr13-2325967119865866","first-page":"52","volume":"6","author":"Halabchi F","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"bibr14-2325967119865866","unstructured":"International Olympic Committee. IOC approves five new sports for Olympic Games Tokyo 2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.olympic.org\/news\/ioc-approves-five-new-sports-for-olympic-games-tokyo-2020. 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