{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:23:10Z","timestamp":1777879390274,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are many risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in professional baseball pitchers. The elbow carrying angle has not been studied as a potential risk factor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose\/Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine whether elbow carrying angle is a risk factor for shoulder or elbow injuries in professional baseball pitchers. We hypothesized that pitchers with a higher elbow carrying angle would be less likely to sustain an injury during the season than pitchers with a lower elbow carrying angle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All professional pitchers for a single baseball club during the 2018 season had the carrying angle of both elbows measured at spring training by a single examiner. The pitchers were followed prospectively throughout the season. Shoulder and elbow injuries were recorded prospectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 52 pitchers (21 [40%] Major League Baseball and 31 [60%] Minor League Baseball) were included. During the season, 23 (44%) pitchers became injured. The mean carrying angle in the throwing arm was 12.5\u00b0 \u00b1 4.2\u00b0 versus 9.9\u00b0 \u00b1 2.8\u00b0 in the nonthrowing arm ( P &lt; .001). Comparing the injured and noninjured groups, there were no differences in level of play ( P = .870), throwing hand dominance ( P = .683), batting hand dominance ( P = .554), throwing-side carrying angle ( P = .373), nonthrowing-side carrying angle ( P = .773), or side-to-side difference in carrying angle ( P = .481).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The elbow carrying angle was not associated with an injury risk during a single season in professional baseball pitchers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119866734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T11:19:43Z","timestamp":1566904783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Do Professional Baseball Players With a Higher Valgus Carrying Angle Have an Increased Risk of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Brandon J.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Zajac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terrance","family":"Sgroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan James","family":"Eno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Altchek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua S.","family":"Dines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Struan H.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510363402"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr2-2325967119866734","first-page":"346","volume":"9","author":"Axe MJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"bibr3-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509350067"},{"key":"bibr4-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510378100"},{"key":"bibr5-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518765158"},{"key":"bibr6-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-17-00223"},{"key":"bibr7-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.03.025"},{"key":"bibr8-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516634305"},{"key":"bibr9-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.03.017"},{"key":"bibr10-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1986-8"},{"key":"bibr11-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200103000-00004"},{"key":"bibr12-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.01.014"},{"key":"bibr13-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118761354"},{"key":"bibr14-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516643813"},{"key":"bibr15-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513510890"},{"key":"bibr16-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967114553916"},{"key":"bibr17-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515580304"},{"key":"bibr18-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.01277"},{"key":"bibr19-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.11.051"},{"key":"bibr20-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"bibr21-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112454828"},{"key":"bibr22-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510384224"},{"key":"bibr23-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300218"},{"key":"bibr24-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738109338546"},{"key":"bibr25-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518800267"},{"key":"bibr26-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.12.027"},{"key":"bibr27-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.11.045"},{"key":"bibr28-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/or.2015.6142"},{"key":"bibr29-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2004.06.003"},{"key":"bibr30-2325967119866734","first-page":"59","volume":"35","author":"Morrey BF","year":"1986","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"bibr31-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658501300402"},{"key":"bibr32-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518755149"},{"issue":"146","key":"bibr33-2325967119866734","first-page":"42","author":"Schwab GH","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"bibr34-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500314"},{"key":"bibr35-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1993.17.6.274"},{"key":"bibr36-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514538391"},{"key":"bibr37-2325967119866734","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515594380"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2325967119866734","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2325967119866734","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2325967119866734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:42:32Z","timestamp":1777592552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2325967119866734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2325967119866734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2325967119866734","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9671","2325-9671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9671","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"article-number":"2325967119866734"}}