{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T03:46:23Z","timestamp":1793763983103,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is no general consensus on the normal and pathological values for the posterior tibial slope (PTS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose\/Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary aim of this study was to determine standard values for the PTS in healthy participants using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT). A secondary aim was to determine the effect of demographic factors and coronal-plane lower limb alignment on the PTS measurement. The hypothesis was that the PTS would be significantly influenced by demographic factors and coronal-plane lower limb alignment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A CT-based modeling and analytics system was used to examine and measure lower limb alignment and the PTS in 378 patients (193 male and 185 female; mean age, 58.3 \u00b1 16.4 years [range, 18-92 years]; mean body mass index, 25.0 \u00b1 4.4 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). The lateral, medial, and global PTS were measured for each patient. All measurements were constructed using algorithm-calculated landmarks, resulting in reproducible and consistent constructs for each specimen. The results were then evaluated based on ethnicity, sex, and hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population comprised 219 white and 159 Asian participants. The mean global, medial, and lateral PTS were 6.3\u00b0 (range, \u20135.5\u00b0 to 14.7\u00b0; 1% with \u226512\u00b0), 6.2\u00b0 (range, \u20134.1\u00b0 to 17.2\u00b0; 3% with \u226512\u00b0), and 5.3\u00b0 (range, \u20134.7\u00b0 to 16.2\u00b0; 2% with \u226512\u00b0), respectively. The lateral (\u0394 = \u20131.0\u00b0 [95% CI, 0.6\u00b0-1.6\u00b0]; P &lt; .0001) and global (\u0394 = \u20130.5\u00b0 [95% CI, 0.0\u00b0-0.8\u00b0]; P = .0332) PTS were smaller in the female subpopulation. The global PTS was greater (\u0394 = 1.9\u00b0 [95% CI, 1.5\u00b0-2.3\u00b0]; P &lt; .0001) in the Asian subpopulation. The mean HKA angle was 179.6\u00b0 (range, 170\u00b0-190\u00b0). The HKA angle was significantly correlated with the medial and global PTS. Specimens with a genu varum knee exhibited a significantly greater global (\u0394 = 1.2\u00b0 [95% CI, 0.8\u00b0-1.7\u00b0]; P &lt; .0001) and medial (\u0394 = 1.9\u00b0 [95% CI, 1.3\u00b0-2.5\u00b0]; P &lt; .0001) PTS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study gives a benchmark for the physiological values of the PTS in a healthy population and highlights several factors influencing the PTS, such as ethnicity, sex, and alignment. Anatomic variants with a PTS \u226512\u00b0 were very uncommon (\u22643%) in our Asian and white groups and thus could be considered as pathological. The PTS is a crucial anatomic factor for anterior cruciate ligament injuries and reconstruction. A general consensus is lacking regarding the cutoff for abnormal values, thus guiding standard of care. This study investigated the dispersion of global, medial, and lateral posterior plateau tibial angles in a large population representing a range of demographic diversity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119895258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T11:53:49Z","timestamp":1579866829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Measurement of the Posterior Tibial Slope Depends on Ethnicity, Sex, and Lower Limb Alignment: A Computed Tomography Analysis of 378 Healthy Participants"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Corentin","family":"Pangaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France."},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Movement and Locomotion, St Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Laumonerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Pierre-Paul Riquet Hospital, Toulouse, France."},{"name":"Anatomy Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Dagneaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France."},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Movement and Locomotion, St Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"LiArno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stryker, Mahwah, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wellings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stryker, Mahwah, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Faizan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stryker, Mahwah, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France."},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Movement and Locomotion, St Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Ollivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France."},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Movement and Locomotion, St Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, 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