{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:01:24Z","timestamp":1791536484567,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medial epicondylitis (ME) is characterized as an overuse injury resulting in pathological alterations of the common flexor tendon at the elbow. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has recently become of interest in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions as an alternative to operative management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the outcomes of recalcitrant type 1 ME after treatment with either PRP or surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the 2 methods of treatment, we performed a retrospective review of 33 patients diagnosed with type 1 ME from 2006 to 2016 with a minimum clinical follow-up of 1 year who had failed an initial nonoperative treatment program of injections, medication, topical creams, and\/or physical therapy. Overall, 15 patients were treated with a series of 2 leukocyte-rich PRP injections, and 18 patients were treated with surgery. Outcome measures included time to pain-free status, time to full range of motion (ROM), the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), and the Oxford Elbow Score (OES). Each patient had at least 1-year follow-up. They were then contacted by telephone to determine final scores at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Unsuccessful outcomes were determined by the Nirschl grading system and failure to reach pain-free status, achieve baseline ROM, or return to previous activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean final follow-up was 3.9 years. A statistically significant improvement was noted in both time to full ROM (42.3 days for PRP vs 96.1 days for surgery; P &lt; .01) and time to pain-free status (56.2 days for PRP vs 108.0 days for surgery; P &lt; .01). Successful outcomes were observed in 80% of patients treated with PRP and 94% of those treated operatively ( P = .37). No significant difference was found in return-to-activity rates, overall successful outcomes, MEPS scores, or OES scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this case series, the use of PRP showed clinically similar outcomes to those of surgery in recalcitrant type 1 ME. PRP can be considered as an alternative to surgery in the treatment of recurrent ME, with an earlier time to full ROM and time to pain-free status compared with surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120908952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T13:02:55Z","timestamp":1585141375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Platelet-Rich Plasma Is an Equal Alternative to Surgery in the Treatment of Type 1 Medial Epicondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hunter L.","family":"Bohlen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary E.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor J.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen G.","family":"Thon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary J.","family":"Finley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Felix H.","family":"Savoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.07.272"},{"key":"bibr2-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-14-00145"},{"key":"bibr3-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-015-0376-5"},{"key":"bibr4-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.08.032"},{"key":"bibr5-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2015.10.018"},{"key":"bibr6-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2009.1.3.123"},{"key":"bibr7-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000085888.37273.d9"},{"key":"bibr8-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1048-6666(01)80034-3"},{"key":"bibr9-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519826969"},{"key":"bibr10-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659202000313"},{"key":"bibr11-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.05.010"},{"key":"bibr12-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199509000-00014"},{"key":"bibr13-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514530664"},{"key":"bibr14-2325967120908952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31031-0"},{"key":"bibr15-2325967120908952","volume-title":"Master 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