{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T05:41:33Z","timestamp":1782538893705,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteochondral injuries of the elbow are limiting and affect the ability of pediatric and adolescent athletes to participate in sports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report short- and midterm outcomes on athletes undergoing microfracture or fragment fixation of osteochondral elbow lesions and evaluate the effects thereof on sporting activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case series; Level of evidence, 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective study analyzing patients who underwent surgical treatment via microfracture or fragment fixation for osteochondral elbow lesions. Patients were treated at a single institution by a single surgeon between 2012 and 2019. Diagnosis was confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging, and patients were indicated for surgery after having persistent symptoms despite trialing rest, immobilization, and\/or activity restriction for at least 3 months. Demographic data including sports of choice were collected preoperatively. Imaging and intraoperative findings were documented, and any complications were noted. Range of motion (ROM) was compared pre- to postoperatively. Return-to-sport evaluation included the ability to play the preoperative sport of choice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 23 patients (25 elbows) were included with a mean follow-up of 23.5 months (range, 6-60.3 months) and a mean age of 13.8 years. Of 25 lesions, 20 (80%) were on the athlete\u2019s dominant side. There was significant improvement from pre- to postoperative ROM, including extension (mean \u00b1 SD, 6.4\u00b0 \u00b1 5.3\u00b0 to 0.04\u00b0 \u00b1 0.2\u00b0; P &lt; .00001), flexion (129.2\u00b0 \u00b1 10.6\u00b0 to 138.6\u00b0 \u00b1 4.4\u00b0; P = .00013), and arc of ROM (122.6\u00b0 \u00b1 13.2\u00b0 to 138.6\u00b0 \u00b1 4.4\u00b0; P &lt; .00001). Mean lesion size was 81.9 \u00b1 59.3 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (range, 15-225 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). All elbows demonstrated radiographic healing postoperatively. Mean time to release to sport was 4.48 \u00b1 1.38 months (range, 2.5-8 months). Six (26.1%) patients changed or stopped their preoperative sporting activity, including 2 of 4 gymnasts and 4 of 11 baseball players.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arthroscopic technique with lesion debridement and microfracture or fixation appears safe and results in radiographic healing; however, with these techniques, there remains a high rate of inability to return to sport in patients involved in higher-demand upper extremity activity, such as baseball and gymnastics. Further treatment strategies, including cartilage restoration procedures, may be warranted in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120963054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T17:24:26Z","timestamp":1604942666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Outcomes of Arthroscopic Surgical Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Elbow in Pediatric and Adolescent Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sachin","family":"Allahabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica K.","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Orthopedic Residency Program, St Mary\u2019s Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirav K.","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325967120963054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001114"},{"key":"bibr2-2325967120963054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518790455"},{"key":"bibr3-2325967120963054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517704842"},{"key":"bibr4-2325967120963054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0623-z"},{"key":"bibr5-2325967120963054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300040401"},{"key":"bibr6-2325967120963054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2016.01.030"},{"key":"bibr7-2325967120963054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118825059"},{"key":"bibr8-2325967120963054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-016-9342-y"},{"key":"bibr9-2325967120963054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519863349"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr10-2325967120963054","volume":"4","author":"Iwame 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