{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:56:01Z","timestamp":1787064961602,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rugby is the fastest growing team sport in the United States for male and female athletes. It is a contact\/collision sport with an injury risk profile that includes concussions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the prevalence of concussions in male and female rugby players in the United States and to characterize behaviors around reporting concussions that could be a target for prevention and treatment efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An online survey distributed to active members on the USA Rugby membership list was used to examine self-reported concussions in male and female athletes. Concussion-reporting behaviors and return to play after a concussion were also explored. Statistical analysis was used to compare male with female athletes and report differences, with years of experience as a dependent variable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proportion of athletes with a history of at least 1 concussion was 61.9% in all respondents. Of those who reported a concussion, 50.8% reported the concussion during the game or practice in which it occurred, and 57.6% reported at least 1 concussion to a qualified medical provider. Overall, 27.7% of participants who reported \u22651 rugby-related concussion in our survey noted that at least 1 of these concussions was not formally reported. The most commonly cited reasons for not reporting a concussion included not thinking that it was a serious injury, not knowing that it was a concussion at the time, and not wanting to be pulled out of the game or practice. Additionally, 61.0% of athletes did not engage in recommended return-to-play protocols after their most recent rugby-related concussion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>US rugby union athletes may not report concussions to medical personnel or follow return-to-play protocols guided by medical advice. This could result from a lack of education on concussion recognition and the risks associated with continued play after a concussion as well as limited access to health care. Further education efforts focusing on the identification of concussions, removal from play, and return-to-play protocols are necessary in the US rugby union population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120972141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T12:30:43Z","timestamp":1611145843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Concussion-Reporting Behavior in Rugby: A National Survey of Rugby Union Players in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"J. Chance","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Shubin","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Trofa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamish","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Albany Medical 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