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When the sport of cheerleading was first developed, its primary purpose was to entertain crowds and support other athletes. Today, cheerleaders are competitive athletes themselves. Cheerleaders, most of whom are in the pediatric age group, and their parents commonly approach orthopaedic surgeons and sports medicine physicians with questions regarding the risks associated with participation in the sport. Appropriate clinical guidance is especially important for athletes returning to the sport after an injury. However, unlike other popular sports (eg, football, basketball, and volleyball), the intricacies of cheerleading are not well-known to those outside the sport, including many health care providers. Previous studies have reported on the epidemiological patterns of injuries associated with cheerleading and how such aesthetic sports affect the body, finding that fractures and concussions are prevalent and that catastrophic injuries are more common than in most other sports. Here, we provide an evidence-based discussion of 10 pertinent topics regarding cheerleading and its risks to the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive resource for orthopaedic surgeons and sports medicine physicians who care for these athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211067222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T13:16:30Z","timestamp":1642511790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Understanding the Cheerleader as an Orthopaedic Patient: An Evidence-Based Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Institute for Children\/UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Center, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan N.","family":"Severson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carilion Clinic Orthopaedic Surgery, Roanoke, Virginia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Tech-Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Stacie","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, White Marsh, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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