{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:36:19Z","timestamp":1791416179042,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reducing the number of pitches thrown is regarded as the most effective way to prevent throwing injuries in youth baseball pitchers. However, few studies have compared the effectiveness of limiting the pitch count versus the limiting the number of innings pitched in terms of elbow injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We hypothesized that, compared with inning limits, pitch count limits would lead to greater decreases in elbow pain, range of motion deficits, positive moving valgus stress test results, and the risk of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study retrospectively reviewed baseball pitchers aged 8 to 12 years in 2017 and 2018. Inning and pitch count limits in games were set to a daily maximum of 7 innings in 2017 and 70 pitches in 2018. Elbow pain, range of motion, and moving valgus stress test results were evaluated. The presence of capitellar OCD was assessed on ultrasonographic and radiographic images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 352 pitchers in 2017 and 367 pitchers in 2018 participated. The mean pitch count per game was lower in the pitch count limit (CL) group (52.5 \u00b1 16.0) than in the inning limit (IL) group (98.2 \u00b1 19.5) ( P &lt; .001). Compared with the IL group, the CL group had significantly lower rates of elbow pain (40.9% vs 31.9%, respectively; P = .01) and reduced flexion (19.0% vs 10.6%, respectively; P = .001). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between elbow pain and age in both the IL and the CL groups ( P &lt; .0001 and P = .02, respectively) and between OCD and elbow pain in the CL group ( P = .04).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A pitch count limit of \u226470 pitches per day for baseball pitchers \u226412 years could be more protective against elbow pain and reduced flexion than a limit of \u22647 innings per day, but it may not be effective for reducing the risk of capitellar OCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967121989108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T04:03:02Z","timestamp":1616040182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Limiting the Pitch Count in Youth Baseball Pitchers Decreases Elbow Pain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Takata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Iwame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoji","family":"Iwase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokushima Prefecture Naruto Hospital, Naruto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Takao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Nishio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasound Examination Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kokichi","family":"Arisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Sairyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325967121989108","unstructured":"American Sports Medicine Institute. 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