{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:00:38Z","timestamp":1783130438252,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After posterior cruciate ligament injury, stress radiography is a common method of quantifying posterior instability, defined as the side-to-side difference in posterior tibial displacement (PTD) between the injured knee and contralateral noninjured knee. However, no study has evaluated the reliability of PTD according to knee flexion angle (KFA) measurements on stress radiographs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the test-retest reliability of stress radiographic measurements of the KFA in the noninjured knee. In addition, we established a reliable range of KFAs to indicate posterior instability by comparing results with the instability measured at 90\u00b0 KFA, which is considered the gold standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated patients who had undergone bilateral stress radiographic examinations at least 5 times for ligament injuries between January 2013 and November 2019. All examinations were performed on a Telos device with a 150-N posterior load. A total of 120 knees and 644 stress radiographs were enrolled. We measured the KFA and PTD on stress radiographs and evaluated the reliability of repeated PTD measurement and the correlation between KFA and PTD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The distribution of the actual noninjured knee KFA ranged from 56.9\u00b0 to 106.7\u00b0. Among the 644 radiographs, 155 (24.1%) showed KFAs between 85\u00b0 and 95\u00b0, and 287 (44.6%) showed KFAs between 80\u00b0 and 85\u00b0. A significant correlation was found between KFA and PTD ( P &lt; .001), and the intrapatient intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.788. A KFA range of 85\u00b0 to 92\u00b0 satisfied the criteria of high ICC (0.885) and nonsignificant correlation between KFA and PTD ( P = .055) and thus was considered a reliable range of KFAs for quantifying posterior instability. We found no significant risk factors for measurement error, including age ( P = .674), sex ( P = .328), height ( P = .957), weight ( P = .248), or body mass index ( P = .257).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found high reproducibility of posterior displacement measurements on Telos stress radiography at a KFA of 85\u00b0 to 92\u00b0 in noninjured knees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967121989252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T04:01:17Z","timestamp":1616385677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinically Reliable Knee Flexion Angle Measured on Stress Radiography for Quantifying Posterior Instability in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Dong Jin","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeu Baek","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saumsung Bone Hospital, Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eui Yub","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Sahn","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Chang","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Ho","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30305-7"},{"key":"bibr2-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1108"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr3-2325967121989252","first-page":"3","volume":"81","author":"Brady A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"key":"bibr4-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870030-00010"},{"key":"bibr5-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20306"},{"key":"bibr6-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.01.043"},{"key":"bibr7-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507306466"},{"key":"bibr8-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijatt.18.5.1"},{"key":"bibr9-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030010-00001"},{"key":"bibr10-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167106"},{"key":"bibr11-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677608992002"},{"key":"bibr12-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3470-8"},{"key":"bibr13-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512465072"},{"key":"bibr14-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0137-3"},{"key":"bibr15-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5228-4"},{"key":"bibr16-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2019.01.046"},{"key":"bibr17-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510396182"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr18-2325967121989252","first-page":"185","volume":"9","author":"L\u2019Insalata JC","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Knee Surg"},{"key":"bibr19-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-004-0567-8"},{"key":"bibr20-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(03)00399-2"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr21-2325967121989252","first-page":"1201","volume":"22","author":"Miller MD","year":"1993","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr22-2325967121989252","first-page":"8","volume":"6","author":"Pache S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"bibr23-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B6.14589"},{"key":"bibr24-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(00)90040-9"},{"key":"bibr25-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.17.014"},{"key":"bibr26-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269723"},{"key":"bibr27-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(98)00094-1"},{"key":"bibr28-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex043"},{"key":"bibr29-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B2.2312560"},{"key":"bibr30-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.07.031"},{"key":"bibr31-2325967121989252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800411"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2325967121989252","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2325967121989252","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2325967121989252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:59:55Z","timestamp":1777593595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2325967121989252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2325967121989252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2325967121989252","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9671","2325-9671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9671","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"article-number":"2325967121989252"}}