{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:39:02Z","timestamp":1777880342739,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Major League Baseball (MLB) adopted a rule change in 2016 to reduce the number of collisions that occur when a player slides into a base. The effect of rule 6.01(j) has not been quantified, and it remains unknown if this rule change has led to improved player safety.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n Rule 6.01(j) would be associated with a reduction in the number of collision-related injuries at second base.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Using data from the MLB Health and Injury Tracking System, we quantified the number of collision-related injuries for defensive (ie, fielding) players in the infield at the major and minor league levels between the 2010 and 2019 seasons. We compared the median number of collision-related injuries for defensive players in the infield from before (2010-2015) to after (2016-2019) the implementation of rule 6.01(j) and also calculated the difference in location of the median from the seasons before versus after the rule change. An additional 3 analyses were performed to support or contradict a conclusion that any observed reduction in injuries at the start of the 2016 season was likely caused by the adoption of rule 6.01(j).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The median number of collision-related injuries for defensive players at second base decreased from 58.5 to 37.5 injuries per season after the rule change, which was a 36% decrease (difference in location, 19.5 [95% CI, 5.0 to 31.0]; P = .019). In contrast, the median number of collision-related injuries at first base decreased by only 14.1%, from 49.5 before to 42.5 after the rule change (difference in location, \u20139.0 [95% CI, \u20134.0 to 18.0]; P = .16), and the median number of collision-related injuries per season at third base was unchanged at 15 per season.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This rule change was associated with a decrease in the number of collision-related injuries, with the largest effect observed at second base, as expected.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671221090899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T15:40:45Z","timestamp":1650987645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the Chase Utley Rule: The Association Between a Rule Change and Collision-Related Injuries in Major League Baseball"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Tanenbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derrick M.","family":"Knapik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"University Hospitals Sports Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Karns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"University Hospitals Sports Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Salata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"University Hospitals Sports Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"University Hospitals Sports Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Voos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"University Hospitals Sports Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23259671221090899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117694025"},{"key":"bibr2-23259671221090899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517704835"},{"key":"bibr3-23259671221090899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518765158"},{"key":"bibr4-23259671221090899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118755451"},{"key":"bibr5-23259671221090899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0997-6741"},{"key":"bibr6-23259671221090899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519861525"},{"key":"bibr7-23259671221090899","unstructured":"Major League Baseball. Official baseball rules. 2018. Accessed January 7, 2019. http:\/\/mlb.mlb.com\/documents\/0\/8\/0\/268272080\/2018_Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf"},{"key":"bibr8-23259671221090899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119854199"},{"key":"bibr9-23259671221090899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv348"},{"key":"bibr10-23259671221090899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2015.1072632"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671221090899","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23259671221090899","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671221090899","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:08:24Z","timestamp":1777594104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23259671221090899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23259671221090899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671221090899","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9671","2325-9671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9671","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"article-number":"23259671221090899"}}