{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:47:04Z","timestamp":1790419624323,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traumatic ankle injuries are commonly complicated by persistent symptoms and the development of chronic ankle instability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the epidemiology of ankle injuries in the National Football League (NFL) and investigate the effects that ankle injuries have on performance metrics in the years after injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive epidemiologic study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ankle injuries sustained by NFL players during the 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018 seasons were identified using the Pro Football Reference database. Cumulative incidence was calculated, and demographic identifiers were collected for each injury. The return-to-play (RTP) rate was also recorded. For each player who met inclusion for the performance analysis, power rating (PR) was calculated for the preinjury season (Y\u20131) and 2 postinjury seasons (Y+1 and Y+2) as follows: PR = ( offensive yards\/10) + ( total touchdowns \u00d7 6) + ( combined tackles) + ( sacks \u00d7 2) + ( interceptions \u00d7 2). Mean PRs were calculated for each season as well as the percentage change and mean difference in PR between Y\u20131 and Y+1 (\u0394PR\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      %, \u0394PR\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and between Y\u20131 and Y+2 (\u0394PR\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      %, \u0394PR\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Subgroup analyses of PR were performed by player position, injury type, and years of experience.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 668 ankle injuries were identified, with an average cumulative incidence across the 3 seasons of 11.2% and RTP rate of 91%. Of those injuries, 159 met inclusion criteria for the PR analysis. The mean overall PR (96.95 in Y\u20131) declined 22% in Y+1 to 76.10 (\u201320.85 [95% CI, \u201313.82 to \u201327.89]; P &lt; .001) and 27% in Y+2 to 70.93 (\u201326.02 [95% CI, \u201318.04 to \u201334.00]; P &lt; .001). The mean PR per game played (6.70 in Y\u20131) decreased 14% in Y+1 to 5.75 (\u20130.95 [95% CI, \u20130.56 to \u20131.34]; P &lt; .001) and 17% in Y+2 to 5.54 (\u20131.16 [95% CI, \u20130.63 to \u20131.62]; P &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was found that ankle injuries hampered the performance of NFL players, even multiple years after the injury occurred, despite a relatively high RTP rate. There was a decrease in total games played after ankle injuries as well as a decreased performance output per game played.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671221101056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T13:53:09Z","timestamp":1654264389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Epidemiology and Outcomes of Ankle Injuries in the National Football League"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sohil S.","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig S.","family":"Dent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake H.","family":"Hodgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami\/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer W.","family":"Barnhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami\/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Allegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami\/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Popkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amiethab A.","family":"Aiyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23259671221101056","unstructured":"2017 Personnel (Injury) Report Policy. NFL; 2017. Accessed May 12, 2022. https:\/\/operations.nfl.com\/media\/2683\/2017-nfl-injury-report-policy.pdf"},{"key":"bibr2-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0218-2"},{"key":"bibr3-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000741"},{"key":"bibr4-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000241637.52231.18"},{"key":"bibr5-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506290186"},{"key":"bibr6-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714539657"},{"key":"bibr7-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516667914"},{"key":"bibr8-23259671221101056","author":"DeFroda SF","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"bibr9-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002682"},{"key":"bibr10-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737010-00006"},{"key":"bibr11-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096189"},{"key":"bibr12-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-447-17"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr13-23259671221101056","first-page":"40","volume":"40","author":"Kaplan LD","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"bibr14-23259671221101056","unstructured":"Keim J. With average NFL career 3.3 years, players motivated to complete MBA program. ESPN. July 29, 2016. Accessed May 12, 2022. https:\/\/www.espn.com\/blog\/nflnation\/post\/_\/id\/207780\/current-and-former-nfl-players-in-the-drivers-seat-after-completing-mba-program"},{"key":"bibr15-23259671221101056","volume-title":"Predicting Offensive Success in the National Football League","author":"Krause JA","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr16-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520922547"},{"key":"bibr17-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517701428"},{"key":"bibr18-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516645082"},{"key":"bibr19-23259671221101056","unstructured":"Melanson SW, Shuman VL. Acute ankle sprain. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2020. Accessed May 27, 2022. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK459212\/."},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr20-23259671221101056","first-page":"e1378","volume-title":"Orthopedics","volume":"36","author":"Osbahr DC"},{"key":"bibr21-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640009351138"},{"key":"bibr22-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2018-0398"},{"key":"bibr23-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-421-18"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr24-23259671221101056","first-page":"35","volume":"39","author":"Tran A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"bibr25-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.11.018"},{"key":"bibr26-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098106"},{"key":"bibr27-23259671221101056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01537"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671221101056","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23259671221101056","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671221101056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:08:50Z","timestamp":1777594130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23259671221101056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23259671221101056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671221101056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9671","2325-9671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9671","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"article-number":"23259671221101056"}}