{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:39:19Z","timestamp":1777880359832,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The extent to which concussions affect Women\u2019s National Basketball Association (WNBA) athletes has not been thoroughly examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the incidence and impact of concussion injuries occurring in the WNBA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive epidemiology study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Publicly available records were searched to identify all documented basketball-related concussions from WNBA seasons 1997 to 2020. Player demographics, injury details, and basketball career information were collected. Concussion incidence and return-to-play (RTP) timing were evaluated before and after the institution of the WNBA concussion protocol in 2012. Minutes per game and game score per minute were compared 5 games before and 5 games after the concussion was sustained. Player game availability and RTP performance were also compared with an age-, body mass index\u2013, position-, and experience-matched control group of players who did not sustain any injuries during the index season.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 70 concussions among 55 players were reported in the WNBA from 1997 to 2020, with a mean incidence of 2.9 \u00b1 2.3 concussions per season. After the implementation of the WNBA concussion protocol, the incidence significantly increased from 1.7 to 5.0 concussions per season ( P &lt; .001). All players returned after a first-time concussion, missing a mean of 3.8 \u00b1 4.7 games and 17.9 \u00b1 20.7 days. After the adoption of the concussion protocol, the time to RTP significantly increased with games missed ( P = .006) and days missed ( P = .006). Minutes per game and game score per minute were not significantly affected by sustaining a concussion ( P = .451 and P = .826, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since the adoption of the WNBA concussion protocol in the 2012 season, the incidence of concussions increased significantly. Athletes retained a high rate of RTP after missing a median of 4 games, and the time to RTP increased after the institution of the concussion protocol. Player game availability and performance within the same season were not significantly affected by concussion injuries after a successful RTP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671221105257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T18:14:45Z","timestamp":1658513685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Concussions in the Women\u2019s National Basketball Association: Analysis of Incidence, Return-to-Play Timing, and Player Performance From 1997 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erick M.","family":"Marigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malik","family":"Dancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelechi R.","family":"Okoroha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. Daniel","family":"Kharrazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cedars-Sinai Kerlan-Jobe Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nima","family":"Mehran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2020.02.003"},{"key":"bibr2-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.02.021"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr3-23259671221105257","first-page":"178","volume":"45","author":"Cochrane GD","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"bibr4-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.3.05"},{"key":"bibr5-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738109357303"},{"key":"bibr6-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117745021"},{"key":"bibr7-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211015435"},{"key":"bibr8-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211003491"},{"key":"bibr9-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519864581"},{"key":"bibr10-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/cnc.15.1"},{"key":"bibr11-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200609000-00001"},{"key":"bibr12-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.05.061"},{"key":"bibr13-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.08.298"},{"key":"bibr14-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515579636"},{"key":"bibr15-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512474223"},{"key":"bibr16-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120932306"},{"key":"bibr17-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115622621"},{"key":"bibr18-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.07.027"},{"key":"bibr19-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516634679"},{"key":"bibr20-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119854199"},{"key":"bibr21-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2020.08.013"},{"key":"bibr22-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0508"},{"key":"bibr23-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-61070-1_21"},{"key":"bibr24-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S157433"},{"key":"bibr25-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211009248"},{"key":"bibr26-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515576130"},{"key":"bibr27-23259671221105257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2016.1200956"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671221105257","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23259671221105257","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671221105257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:09:06Z","timestamp":1777594146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23259671221105257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23259671221105257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671221105257","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9671","2325-9671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9671","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"article-number":"23259671221105257"}}