{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:39:57Z","timestamp":1777880397155,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The docking technique is widely used to perform ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstructions because of its high failure torque and reliable clinical outcomes. A double\u2013cortical button technique was recently described, with advantages including the ability to tension the graft at the ulnar and humeral attachments and the creation of single bone tunnels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose\/Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the biomechanics between the docking and double-button UCL reconstruction techniques using cadaveric specimens. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in postoperative stiffness or maximum strength between the techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight matched pairs of cadaveric elbow joints underwent controlled humeral valgus torsion cycles in a test frame. Toe region stiffness, elastic region stiffness, and maximum torque were measured during a 4-step protocol: intact, injured, reconstructed (10 and 1000 cycles), and ramp to failure. Graft strains were calculated using 3-dimensional motion capture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 10 cycles, intact ligaments from the docking and double-button groups\u00a0exhibited mean \u00b1 SD elastic torsional stiffness of 1.60 \u00b1 0.49 and 1.64 \u00b1 0.35 N\u00b7m\/deg ( P = .827), while docking (1.10 \u00b1 0.39 N\u00b7m\/deg) and double-button (1.05 \u00b1 0.29 N\u00b7m\/deg) reconstructions were lower ( P = .754). There were no significant differences in maximum torque between the docking (3.45 \u00b1 1.35 N\u00b7m) and double-button (3.25 \u00b1 1.31 N\u00b7m) groups ( P = .777). Similarly, differences in maximum graft strains were not significant between the docking (8.1% \u00b1 7.2%) and double-button (5.5% \u00b1 3.1%) groups ( P = .645). The groups demonstrated similar decreases in these measures after cyclic loading. Ramp-to-failure testing showed no significant differences in ultimate torque between the docking (8.93 \u00b1 3.9 N\u00b7m) and double-button (9.56 \u00b1 3.5 N\u00b7m) groups ( P = .739).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The biomechanical behavior of the double-button technique was not significantly different from that of the docking technique. Both reconstruction techniques restored joint stability, but neither fully recapitulated preinjury joint stiffness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With its procedural advantages, results preliminarily support the use of the double-button reconstruction technique for UCL reconstruction as a reliable single-tunnel technique for primary or revision cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671221123342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T18:27:39Z","timestamp":1674844059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Similar Biomechanics Between the Double\u2013Cortical Button and Docking Techniques for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: A Cadaveric Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"George Russell","family":"Huffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Piper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richa","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Hast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310030201"},{"key":"bibr2-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.06.006"},{"key":"bibr3-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.04.061"},{"key":"bibr4-23259671221123342","first-page":"5","volume":"22","author":"Blake MH","year":"2012","journal-title":"University of Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Journal"},{"key":"bibr5-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518803771"},{"key":"bibr6-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508331136"},{"key":"bibr7-23259671221123342","volume-title":"The Assessment of Medial Stability of the Elbow Using Sonography and Three Clinical Tests","author":"DeMoss AM","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr8-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515620390"},{"key":"bibr9-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115618914"},{"key":"bibr10-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300218"},{"key":"bibr11-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506296737"},{"key":"bibr12-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515622407"},{"key":"bibr13-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513481957"},{"key":"bibr14-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668080-00004"},{"key":"bibr15-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518820304"},{"key":"bibr16-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509350109"},{"key":"bibr17-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119871442"},{"key":"bibr18-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513482567"},{"key":"bibr19-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.12.012"},{"key":"bibr20-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.04.007"},{"key":"bibr21-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2020.10.008"},{"key":"bibr22-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.04.009"},{"key":"bibr23-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300041401"},{"key":"bibr24-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-016-0426-z"},{"key":"bibr25-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2020.101137"},{"key":"bibr26-23259671221123342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513509051"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671221123342","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23259671221123342","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671221123342","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:09:59Z","timestamp":1777594199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23259671221123342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23259671221123342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671221123342","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9671","2325-9671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9671","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"article-number":"23259671221123342"}}