{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:40:11Z","timestamp":1777880411889,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improvements in motor control of the scapular muscles are important for the prevention and rehabilitation of shoulder and elbow injuries in overhead athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To clarify scapular muscle activity during multijoint compound movement exercises using fine-wire and surface electrodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen healthy men performed 5 types of exercises (cat and dog, trunk rotation, A-exercise, T-exercise, and Y-exercise). Muscle activity was measured as percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) by using fine-wire electrodes in the rhomboid major (Rhom) and using surface electrodes in the upper (UT), middle (MT), and lower (LT) trapezius and serratus anterior (SA) muscles. The Rhom\/UT, MT\/UT, LT\/UT, and SA\/UT muscle activity ratios were calculated. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the %MVIC and muscle activity ratios between exercises.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no significant difference in Rhom activity between the exercises (34.6-54.2%MVIC; P = .25). LT activity was significantly greater in the trunk rotation (58.0 \u00b1 24.6%MVIC) and Y-exercise (63.2 \u00b1 40.1%MVIC) than in the cat and dog scapular retraction (19.6 \u00b1 9.3%MVIC) and A-exercise (28.2 \u00b1 14.2%MVIC) ( P &lt; .05). SA activity was significantly greater in the cat and dog scapular protraction (26.7 \u00b1 11.0%MVIC) and Y-exercise (25.6 \u00b1 19.3%MVIC) than in the other exercises ( P &lt; .05). The SA\/UT activity ratio in the cat and dog scapular protraction exercise (9.64 \u00b1 8.48) was significantly higher than in the other exercises ( P &lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All the exercises were effective for activating the Rhom. The trunk rotation and Y-exercise were effective for activating the LT, and the cat and dog scapular protraction exercise was effective for activating the SA while suppressing the UT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results enable exercise selection based on muscle activity characteristics (moderate [20%-50%MVIC] and high [&gt;50%MVIC] levels contribute to muscle activation) to prevent and rehabilitate shoulder and elbow injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671221132194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T13:45:07Z","timestamp":1668779107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Muscle Activity During Scapular Muscle Exercises With Multijoint Compound Movement: Analysis Using Fine-Wire and Surface Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gen","family":"Adachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Saitama, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Oshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Akuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Kaneoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23259671221132194","unstructured":"Adachi G. 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