{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:41:32Z","timestamp":1777880492417,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Underwater rugby (UWR) is a team sport. Athletes require a high degree of strength, endurance, speed, and coordination involving intense physical contact. Currently, a paucity of literature exists regarding injury occurrence in UWR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the nature and prevalence of acute and overuse injuries in UWR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive epidemiology study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between November 2020 and March 2021, a total of 720 German UWR athletes were invited to take an online survey developed by orthopaedic specialists with UWR athletes. Data were recorded regarding general and health-related information, training habits, acute injuries that necessitated an interruption in training and\/or doctor consultation, as well as overuse injuries. Overuse injuries were evaluated using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire. Statistical analyses included t tests or rank sum tests depending on normality of distribution. A nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analysis of variance on ranks was used for nonnormally distributed data among several groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 161 active athletes (mean \u00b1 SD, 36.1 \u00b1 11.9 years old; 75.3% male) for analysis, of whom 90.1% were competing regularly. The performance-level distribution was as follows: first German national league (n = 73), second German national league (n = 46), state league (n = 17), district league (n = 1), and no league (n = 24). The mean \u00b1 SD sport-specific training workload was 5.6 \u00b1 3.0 h\/wk, including UWR training, additional swimming (n = 71; 44.1%), strength (n = 70; 43.5%), and\/or endurance training (n = 102; 63.4%). Acute injuries were recorded in 78.9% of all athletes. The most typical locations for acute injuries were hand\/finger (42.4%), head\/face (concussion, ruptured eardrum; 18.1%), wrist (5.5%), or spine (5.0%). Overuse injuries were reported by 42.9% of the participants. The predominant locations for overuse injuries were hand\/finger (18.8%), shoulder\/clavicle (14.1%), spine and wrist (10.7% each), head\/face (8.7%), and ankle joint and knee (6.7% each).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the current study, 3 of 4 athletes reported at least 1 acute injury, and 2 of 5 athletes reported at least 1 overuse injury. Leading injury regions were the hand\/finger, head\/ear, wrist, and spine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231181582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T06:55:06Z","timestamp":1693464906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Epidemiology of Acute and Overuse Injuries in Underwater Rugby"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Lutter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany."},{"name":"Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, School of Clinical and Applied Science, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Gr\u00e4ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, School of Clinical and Applied Science, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Gro\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Tadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sozialstiftung Klinikum Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Tischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany."},{"name":"Malteser Waldkrankenhaus St Marien, Erlangen, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23259671231181582","first-page":"114","volume":"54","author":"Andresen R","year":"2001","journal-title":"R\u00f6ntgenpraxis"},{"key":"bibr2-23259671231181582","first-page":"e8421","volume":"12","author":"Atilla H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"bibr3-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(05)70147-2"},{"key":"bibr4-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120964720"},{"key":"bibr5-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091524"},{"key":"bibr6-23259671231181582","unstructured":"Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration Modiale des Activit\u00e9s Subaquatique. Under water rugby. Accessed September 6, 2021. https:\/\/www.cmas.org\/underwater-rugby"},{"key":"bibr7-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2021-001081"},{"key":"bibr8-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13065"},{"key":"bibr9-23259671231181582","volume-title":"Sportverletzungen\u2014GOTS Manual (Dritte Ausgabe): Diagnose, Management und Begleitma\u00dfnahmen","author":"Engelhardt M","year":"2016","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr10-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-439-18"},{"key":"bibr11-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180130"},{"key":"bibr12-23259671231181582","first-page":"281","volume":"48","author":"Frani\u0107 M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"bibr13-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000903"},{"key":"bibr14-23259671231181582","first-page":"369","volume":"62","author":"Kamusella P","year":"2011","journal-title":"Deutsche Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Sportmedizin"},{"key":"bibr15-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507300259"},{"key":"bibr16-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm51.3.282-287"},{"key":"bibr17-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.08.015"},{"key":"bibr18-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099349"},{"key":"bibr19-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211032979"},{"key":"bibr20-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120902407"},{"key":"bibr21-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(05)70152-6"},{"key":"bibr22-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810413500391"},{"key":"bibr23-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120920518"},{"key":"bibr24-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2010.11.008"},{"key":"bibr25-23259671231181582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000305"},{"key":"bibr26-23259671231181582","unstructured":"Strautmann H. 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