{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:41:34Z","timestamp":1777880494886,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head-down tackling has been associated with injuries to the brachial plexus, cervical spine, and head in high school and collegiate American football. Head-down tackling has also been associated with decreased effectiveness in successful tackles compared with head-up tackling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess tackling techniques used during National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football games and to evaluate the successful tackling rates according to technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three reviewers analyzed 1000 consecutive solo defensive tackling attempts made in the 2021 season (October to December) by 8 universities within the NCAA Southeastern Conference. Slow-motion replays were used to analyze the success of the tackling attempt, the tackling method, and the initial point of contact with respect to the offensive player\u2019s waist. The chi-square or Fisher exact test was used to analyze categorical data, and the 2-tailed Student t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze continuous data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head-up and head-down tackling occurred in 902 (90.2%) and 98 (9.8%) tackle attempts, respectively. Head-up tackles were successful in 76.2% of the attempts compared with 55.1% for head-down tackles ( P &lt; .001). Tackles were made at or above the offensive player\u2019s waist in 777 (77.7%) attempts and below the waist in 223 (22.3%) attempts. Tackles at or above the waist were successful in 77.6% of the attempts compared with 61.9% of tackles below the waist ( P &lt; .001). The inside-shoulder method was used in 592 (59.2%) tackles, the arm method in 317 (31.7%), the head-across-the-bow method in 72 (7.2%), and the helmet-to-helmet method in 19 (1.9%). Inside-shoulder tackles had the highest success rate of 93.2%, compared with 41.6% for arm ( P &lt; .001), 59.7% for head-across-the-bow ( P &lt; .001), and 73.7% for helmet-to-helmet ( P = .001) tackles. Inside-shoulder tackles resulted in head-up tackling in 92.9% compared with 41.7% for head-across-the-bow ( P &lt; .001) and 57.9% for helmet-to-helmet ( P &lt; .001) tackles. There were no recorded injuries to the tackler.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head-up tackles, tackles made at or above the offensive player\u2019s waist, and inside-shoulder tackles had the highest success rates. Head-down tackling and tackling below the waist were associated with poor tackling methods, including head-across-the-bow and helmet-to-helmet tackles, which had lower success rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231182968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T06:23:50Z","timestamp":1688970230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["At-Risk Tackling Techniques and Effectiveness in NCAA Division I Collegiate Football"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hirase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Bondar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dakota","family":"Doucet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brady","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Comron","family":"Saifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rex A.W.","family":"Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23259671231182968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513478572"},{"key":"bibr2-23259671231182968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-020-09665-5"},{"key":"bibr3-23259671231182968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000053210.76063.E4"},{"key":"bibr4-23259671231182968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1007051"},{"key":"bibr5-23259671231182968","unstructured":"Heads Up Football. 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