{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:45:07Z","timestamp":1777880707975,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head-down tackling has been associated with higher rates of head and neck injuries and less successful tackles compared with head-up tackling in American football. In rugby, head and neck injuries have been associated with tackling, with the tackler\u2019s head positioned in front of the ball carrier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the success and risks of tackling techniques used in the English Rugby Premiership matches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three reviewers analyzed 1000 consecutive solo defensive tackling attempts during the 2022 to 2023 season in 6 English Rugby Premiership matches. Slow-motion replays were used to analyze the success of the tackling attempt in terms of head angulation (head up vs head down), head position relative to the offensive player\u2019s waist at point of contact, and tackling method (inside shoulder, arm, head across the bow, and head-to-head). The chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to analyze categorical data, and the 2-tailed Student t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze continuous data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean interrater reliabilities for analyzing the tackles were good across all groups (\u03ba = 0.715). Head-up and head-down tackling occurred in 848 tackle attempts (84.8%) and 152 tackle attempts (15.2%), respectively. Head-up tackles were successful in 80.7% of the tackle attempts compared with 71.1% of the head-down tackle attempts ( P = .0072). Tackles made at or above the waist were successful in 80.7% of the tackle attempts compared with 73.1% of tackles below the waist ( P = .0193). The inside-shoulder technique had the highest successful tackle rate at 90.8%, compared with 44.2% with the arm technique ( P &lt; .0001) and 72.4% with the head-across-the-bow technique ( P &lt; .0001). The inside-shoulder technique resulted in head-up tackling in 84.8% of players compared with 59.8% with the head-across-the-bow technique ( P &lt; .0001) and 94.9% with arm tackling ( P = .0001). There were 4 recorded injuries to the tackler: 2 neck injuries, 1 shoulder injury, and 1 wrist\/hand injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head-up tackling, tackles made at or above the level of the offensive player\u2019s waist, and inside-shoulder tackling were found to be more efficient in producing successful tackles. The head-down, tackling below the waist, and head-across-the-bow techniques were associated with poor tackling and lower success rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671241255097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T11:08:21Z","timestamp":1722251301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["At-Risk Tackling Techniques and Effectiveness in English Premiership Rugby"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Brady P.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dakota","family":"Doucet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Health Science Center College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bobby","family":"Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Health Science Center College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sree M.","family":"Vemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hirase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rex A.W.","family":"Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2021.1967845"},{"key":"bibr2-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.04.003"},{"key":"bibr3-23259671241255097","unstructured":"England Rugby. Tackle height hub. Accessed October 6, 2023. https:\/\/www.englandrugby.com\/participation\/playing\/tackle-height"},{"key":"bibr4-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.037499"},{"key":"bibr5-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.905982"},{"key":"bibr6-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231182968"},{"key":"bibr7-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"bibr8-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00398-4"},{"key":"bibr9-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098135"},{"key":"bibr10-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120902714"},{"key":"bibr11-23259671241255097","unstructured":"Team Rankings LLC. NFL tackles per game. Accessed October 6, 2023. https:\/\/www.teamrankings.com\/nfl\/stat\/tackles-per-game"},{"key":"bibr12-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.05.010"},{"key":"bibr13-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290400037018"},{"key":"bibr14-23259671241255097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097895"},{"key":"bibr15-23259671241255097","unstructured":"World Rugby. Laws by number. Accessed April 15, 2023. https:\/\/www.world.rugby\/the-game\/laws\/law\/9"},{"key":"bibr16-23259671241255097","unstructured":"World Rugby. Rugby ready. Accessed April 2, 2023. http:\/\/rugbyready.worldrugby.org\/index.php?section=65_1&tab=tab-4"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671241255097","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23259671241255097","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671241255097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:19:50Z","timestamp":1777594790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23259671241255097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23259671241255097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671241255097","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9671","2325-9671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9671","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"article-number":"23259671241255097"}}